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Vol. 19 (2027)

Tailor-Made Nanoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Via Molecular Engineering for Bilirubin-Specific Capture from Liver Failure Patients’ Blood

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02337-y
Shanshan Zhang
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Jinming Zhang
Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Yihan Li
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Dabao Shang
Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Ding Zhao
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Fangke Zhang
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Juan Wang
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Liang Chen
School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Xiaogang Xiang
Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Wenguo Cui
Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2Nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Wenguo Cui

wgcui80@hotmail.com

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 19 (2027), Article Number: 48

Abstract

Overcoming the albumin–bilirubin binding barrier to achieve specific recognition and high-efficiency capture of blood bilirubin remains a major clinical challenge in treating patients with hyperbilirubinemia due to liver failure, cholestasis, or other related conditions. Here, a molecular engineering-assisted functionalization strategy is proposed: programming the coordination environment of nanocrystalline frameworks with monodentate carboxylic acid ligands of varied carbon chain lengths to construct a family of zirconium-based UiO-66 nanoporous frameworks that act as bilirubin-specific molecular capture traps. The experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the newly engineered UiO-66 nanoporous framework rapidly enriched albumin-bound bilirubin through short-range van der Waals/electrostatic effects; the internal Zr–μ3–OH sites then formed directional Zr–pyrrole coordination with the bilirubin tetrapyrrole core, whereas albumin was physically excluded by the narrow apertures of the engineered nanoporous framework (average 7.6 Å), breaking the “albumin barrier” without competitive displacement. Dense intrapore hydrogen-bonding networks and π–π stacking further strengthen bilirubin-specific complexation. The computed adsorption energy (ΔEads = – 3.7 eV) indicates spontaneous, diffusion-limited capture. In simulated blood experiments, the newly developed UiO-66 nanoporous framework achieves an ultrahigh bilirubin removal rate of ~ 97.9% with negligible albumin loss. Finally, clinical tests on plasma samples from ten liver failure patients revealed a 251% higher bilirubin removal capacity per unit mass than that of the commercial ion exchange resin (IER) within 3 h, while albumin leakage remained ≤ 2.58% (vs. ≥ 8.53% for commercial IER). This study reveals, for the first time, the advantages and translational prospects of molecularly engineered nanocrystalline frameworks as a clinically viable platform for high-efficiency blood bilirubin removal.


Hightlights:
1 This work innovatively formulated a molecular engineering strategy for nanoframeworks, achieving precise customization of their nanoporous architectures.
2 This work developed a nanoscale bilirubin-specific capture trap, physically overcoming the critical trade-off between bilirubin removal and protein loss.
3 A groundbreaking 251% increase in total bilirubin capture capacity, coupled with an albumin loss rate of ≤2.58%, established a new world clinical assessment record.

Keywords

Molecule engineering Metal–organic frameworks Nanocrystals Specific bilirubin capture Blood purification
Zhang, Shanshan, Jinming Zhang, Yihan Li, Dabao Shang, Ding Zhao, Fangke Zhang, Juan Wang, Liang Chen, Xiaogang Xiang, and Wenguo Cui. 2026. “Tailor-Made Nanoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Via Molecular Engineering for Bilirubin-Specific Capture from Liver Failure Patients’ Blood”. Nano-Micro Letters 19 (September):48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02337-y.
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