Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01374-9
Yiding Li
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Li Wang
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Youzhi Song
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Wenwei Wang
National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
Cheng Lin
National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
Xiangming He
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Xiangming He

hexm@tsinghua.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 154

Abstract

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist. Now the battery is still a “black box”, thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state. The battery should “sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”, which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts. This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed, focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano–micro-level battery material structural phase transition, electrolyte degradation, electrode–electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution. The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve “real” and “embedded” monitoring. Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor, it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism, aiding in the establishment of more detailed models. These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries, with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency. Furthermore, with the help of smart batteries in the future, the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated. The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality, reliability, and life.


Highlights:
1 Research progress of advanced optical fiber sensors in traction batteries and energy storage batteries is summarized.
2 The embedded application mechanisms of different optical fiber sensors in batteries are discussed.
3 Advanced optical fiber sensors adapting to batteries with diverse materials are reviewed.
4 Advanced optical fiber sensors driving the development of future smart batteries are prospected.

Keywords

Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic
Li, Yiding, Li Wang, Youzhi Song, Wenwei Wang, Cheng Lin, and Xiangming He. 2024. “Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (March):154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01374-9.
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