Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Probing Electrode–Electrolyte Synergy and Bottleneck Breakthrough of Zinc-Ion Capacitors from Two Key Configurations

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02063-x
Yudan Zhang
School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Hengyuan Hu
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Yufeng Yan
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, People’s Republic of China
Yuankai Huang
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Yongbiao Mu
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Zhiyu Zou
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Kunxiong Zheng
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Zhaoyang Yi
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Yang Zhao
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, People’s Republic of China
Miao Zhang
School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Lin Zeng
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Meisheng Han
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Meisheng Han

hanms@sustech.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 256

Abstract

In response to the demanding requirements of next-generation energy storage systems for high-energy density, high-power density, and ultra-long-cycle life, the academic community has continued to focus on coupled devices that combine battery-level energy and capacitor-level power characteristics. Zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) have become the most promising strategic candidate system for energy storage technology due to their high-energy/power characteristics, excellent intrinsic safety, and significant cost advantages. In this review, the latest research progress of ZICs is reviewed from the perspective of system. Firstly, ZICs are divided into zinc metal anode//capacitive cathode ZICs (ZC-ZICs) and capacitive anode//battery-type cathode ZICs (CB-ZICs) according to the device configuration, and the energy storage mechanisms are analyzed in depth. At the same time, focusing on the two configurations of ZC-ZICs and CB-ZICs and their electrolyte systems, problem-oriented the key puzzles and corresponding solutions are sorted out one by one. Finally, based on the above discussion, this review proposes forward-looking suggestions for material modifications of ZICs, including pulse voltage activation, application of high-entropy materials, and the development of stable and multi-functional electrolytes, aiming to provide scientific guidance for the practical application of high-performance ZICs and promote the in-depth development of high-performance ZICs research.


Highlights:
1 This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the energy storage mechanisms, electrode materials, and electrolyte-related challenges in two key configurations: zinc metal anode//capacitive cathode zinc-ion capacitors (ZC-ZICs) and capacitive anode//battery-type cathode ZICs (CB-ZICs).
2 This review provides comprehensive and effective solutions to the core bottleneck issues in the two key configurations.
3 This review proposes forward-looking development roadmap of the ZICs, including pulse voltage activation on carbon electrodes, application of high-entropy materials as electrodes, and the development of stable and multifunctional electrolytes.

Keywords

Zinc-ion capacitors Electrolyte Pseudocapacitance electrodes Battery-type electrodes
Zhang, Yudan, Hengyuan Hu, Yufeng Yan, Yuankai Huang, Yongbiao Mu, Zhiyu Zou, Kunxiong Zheng, Zhaoyang Yi, Yang Zhao, Miao Zhang, Lin Zeng, and Meisheng Han. 2026. “Probing Electrode–Electrolyte Synergy and Bottleneck Breakthrough of Zinc-Ion Capacitors from Two Key Configurations”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (February):256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02063-x.
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