Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

Self-Supporting Nanoporous Copper Film with High Porosity and Broadband Light Absorption for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01063-z
Bin Yu
Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
Yan Wang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang 336, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
Ying Zhang
Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
Zhonghua Zhang
Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Zhonghua Zhang

zh_zhang@sdu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 94

Abstract

Solar steam generation (SSG) is a potential technology for freshwater production, which is expected to address the global water shortage problem. Some noble metals with good photothermal conversion performance have received wide concerns in SSG, while high cost limits their practical applications for water purification. Herein, a self-supporting nanoporous copper (NP-Cu) film was fabricated by one-step dealloying of a specially designed Al98Cu2 precursor with a dilute solid solution structure. In-situ and ex-situ characterizations were performed to reveal the phase and microstructure evolutions during dealloying. The NP-Cu film shows a unique three-dimensional bicontinuous ligament-channel structure with high porosity (94.8%), multi scale-channels and nanoscale ligaments (24.2 ± 4.4 nm), leading to its strong broadband absorption over the 200–2500 nm wavelength More importantly, the NP-Cu film exhibits excellent SSG performance with high evaporation rate, superior efficiency and good stability. The strong desalination ability of NP-Cu also manifests its potential applications in seawater desalination. The related mechanism has been rationalized based upon the nanoporous network, localized surface plasmon resonance effect and hydrophilicity.


Highlights:


1 Self-supporting Cu film with high porosity was obtained by dealloying of Al98Cu2.
2 Nanoporous Cu (NP-Cu) film shows good hydrophilicity and strong broadband light absorption.
3 NP-Cu film exhibits outstanding solar steam generation and desalination performance.

Keywords

Solar steam generation Nanoporous copper Broadband solar absorption Localized surface plasmon resonance Seawater desalination Dealloying
Yu, Bin, Yan Wang, Ying Zhang, and Zhonghua Zhang. 2023. “Self-Supporting Nanoporous Copper Film With High Porosity and Broadband Light Absorption for Efficient Solar Steam Generation”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (April):94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01063-z.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. S. Priyantha Ranjan, S. Kazama, M. Sawamoto, Effects of climate and land use changes on groundwater resources in coastal aquifers. J. Environ. Manag. 80(1), 25–35 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.008
  2. H. Li, Z. Yan, Y. Li, W. Hong, Latest development in salt removal from solar-driven interfacial saline water evaporators: advanced strategies and challenges. Water Res. 177(15), 115770 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115770
  3. H. Wang, J. Zhao, Y. Li, Y. Cao, Z. Zhu et al., Aqueous two-phase interfacial assembly of COF membranes for water desalination. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 216 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00968-5
  4. W. Liu, K. Liu, H. Du, T. Zheng, N. Zhang et al., Cellulose nanopaper: fabrication, functionalization, and applications. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 104 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00849-x
  5. Y. Jiang, L. Chai, D. Zhang, F. Ouyang, X. Zhou et al., Facet-controlled LiMn2O4/C as deionization electrode with enhanced stability and high desalination performance. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 176 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00897-3
  6. X. Huang, L. Li, S. Zhao, L. Tong, Z. Li et al., MOF-like 3D graphene-based catalytic membrane fabricated by one-step laser scribing for robust water purification and green energy production. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 174 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00923-4
  7. C. Xu, Z. Yang, X. Zhang, M. Xia, H. Yan et al., Prussian blue analogues in aqueous batteries and desalination batteries. Nano-Micro Lett. 13(1), 166 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00700-9
  8. S. Shen, J. Fu, J. Yi, L. Ma, F. Sheng et al., High-efficiency wastewater purification system based on coupled photoelectric-catalytic action provided by triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano-Micro Lett. 13(1), 194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00695-3
  9. R.M. Morris, The development of the multi-stage flash distillation process: a designer’s viewpoint. Desalination 93(1), 57–68 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(93)80096-6
  10. I.G. Wenten, Khoiruddin, reverse osmosis applications: prospect and challenges. Desalination 391, 112–125 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.12.011
  11. C. Xu, J. Zhang, M. Shahriari-Khalaji, M. Gao, X. Yu et al., Fibrous aerogels for solar vapor generation. Front. Chem. 10, 843070 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.843070
  12. A. Zhang, S. Zhao, L. Wang, X. Yang, Q. Zhao et al., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater and sediments from the northern Liaodong Bay, China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 113(1), 592–599 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.005
  13. P. Zhang, J. Li, M.B. Chan-Park, Hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance capacitive desalination of brackish water. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8(25), 9291–9300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c00515
  14. N.A.A. Qasem, S.M. Zubair, B.A. Qureshi, M.M. Generous, The impact of thermodynamic potentials on the design of electrodialysis desalination plants. Energy Convers. Manag. 205, 112448 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112448
  15. M. Gao, L. Zhu, C.K. Peh, G.W. Ho, Solar absorber material and system designs for photothermal water vaporization towards clean water and energy production. Energy Environ. Sci. 12(3), 841–864 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01146J
  16. P. Tao, G. Ni, C. Song, W. Shang, J. Wu et al., Solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Nat. Energy 3(12), 1031–1041 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0260-7
  17. J. Zhou, Y. Gu, P. Liu, P. Wang, L. Miao et al., Development and evolution of the system structure for highly efficient solar steam generation from zero to three dimensions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(50), 1903255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903255
  18. T. Ding, Y. Zhou, W.L. Ong, G.W. Ho, Hybrid solar-driven interfacial evaporation systems: beyond water production towards high solar energy utilization. Mater. Today 42, 178–191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.10.022
  19. T. Ding, G.W. Ho, Using the sun to co-generate electricity and freshwater. Joule 5(7), 1639–1641 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.06.021
  20. D. Van-Duong, H.-S. Choi, Carbon-based sunlight absorbers in solar-driven steam generation devices. Glob. Chall. 2(2), 1700094 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201700094
  21. J. Li, M. Du, G. Lv, L. Zhou, X. Li et al., Interfacial solar steam generation enables fast-responsive, energy-efficient, and low-cost off-grid sterilization. Adv. Mater. 30(49), 1805159 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805159
  22. G. Chen, Z. Jiang, A. Li, X. Chen, Z. Ma et al., Cu-based MOF-derived porous carbon with highly efficient photothermal conversion performance for solar steam evaporation. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(31), 16805–16813 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA03695E
  23. D. Ding, H. Wu, X. He, F. Yang, C. Gao et al., A metal nanop assembly with broadband absorption and suppressed thermal radiation for enhanced solar steam generation. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(18), 11241–11247 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta01045j
  24. M. Zhu, Y. Li, F. Chen, X. Zhu, J. Dai et al., Plasmonic wood for high-efficiency solar steam generation. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(4), 1701028 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701028
  25. L. Zhang, J. Xing, X. Wen, J. Chai, S. Wang et al., Plasmonic heating from indium nanops on a floating microporous membrane for enhanced solar seawater desalination. Nanoscale 9(35), 12843–12849 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr05149b
  26. Z. Guo, J. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Wang, J. Li et al., Achieving steam and electrical power from solar energy by MoS2-based composites. Chem. Eng. J. 427, 131008 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131008
  27. M.S. Irshad, X. Wang, M.S. Abbasi, N. Arshad, Z. Chen et al., Semiconductive, flexible MnO2 NWs/chitosan hydrogels for efficient solar steam generation. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 9(10), 3887–3900 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08981
  28. X. Yang, Y. Yang, L. Fu, M. Zou, Z. Li et al., An ultrathin flexible 2D membrane based on single-walled nanotube–MoS2 hybrid film for high-performance solar steam generation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(3), 1704505 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201704505
  29. Y. Xu, H. Mu, X. Han, T. Sun, X. Fan et al., A simple, flexible, and porous polypyrrole-wax gourd evaporator with excellent light absorption for efficient solar steam generation. Int. J. Energy Res. 45(15), 21476–21486 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7195
  30. Y. Zou, X. Chen, W. Guo, X. Liu, Y. Li, Flexible and robust polyaniline composites for highly efficient and durable solar desalination. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3(3), 2634–2642 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b02341
  31. F. Wang, Y. Su, Y. Li, D. Wei, H. Sun et al., Salt-resistant photothermal materials based on monolithic porous ionic polymers for efficient solar steam generation. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3(9), 8746–8754 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c01292
  32. P. Sun, W. Zhang, I. Zada, Y. Zhang, J. Gu et al., 3D-structured carbonized sunflower heads for improved energy efficiency in solar steam generation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(2), 2171–2179 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b11738
  33. J. Fang, J. Liu, J. Gu, Q. Liu, W. Zhang et al., Hierarchical porous carbonized lotus seedpods for highly efficient solar steam generation. Chem. Mater. 30(18), 6217–6221 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01702
  34. N. Xu, X. Hu, W. Xu, X. Li, L. Zhou et al., Mushrooms as efficient solar steam-generation devices. Adv. Mater. 29(28), 1606762 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606762
  35. Z. Lei, X. Sun, S. Zhu, K. Dong, X. Liu et al., Nature inspired MXene-decorated 3D honeycomb-fabric architectures toward efficient water desalination and salt harvesting. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00748-7
  36. H. Li, D. Jia, M. Ding, L. Zhou, K. Wang et al., Robust 3D graphene/cellulose nanocrystals hybrid lamella network for stable and highly efficient solar desalination. Sol. RRL 5(8), 2100317 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202100317
  37. J. Tian, X. Huang, W. Wu, Graphene-based stand-alone networks for efficient solar steam generation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59(3), 1135–1141 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03523
  38. Y. Yang, R. Zhao, T. Zhang, K. Zhao, P. Xiao et al., Graphene-based standalone solar energy converter for water desalination and purification. ACS Nano 12(1), 829–835 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b08196
  39. Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, B. Yu, K. Yin, Z. Zhang, Hierarchically structured black gold film with ultrahigh porosity for solar steam generation. Adv. Mater. 34(21), 2200108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202200108
  40. H. Wang, R. Zhang, D. Yuan, S. Xu, L. Wang, Gas foaming guided fabrication of 3D porous plasmonic nanoplatform with broadband absorption, tunable shape, excellent stability, and high photothermal efficiency for solar water purification. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(46), 2003995 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202003995
  41. Y. Yang, X. Yang, L. Fu, M. Zou, A. Cao et al., Two-dimensional flexible bilayer janus membrane for advanced photothermal water desalination. ACS Energy Lett. 3(5), 1165–1171 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00433
  42. B. Yu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Nanoporous black silver film with high porosity for efficient solar steam generation. Nano Res. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5068-x
  43. C. Xiao, W. Liang, Q.-M. Hasi, L. Chen, J. He et al., Ag/polypyrrole co-modified poly(ionic liquid)s hydrogels as efficient solar generators for desalination. Mater. Today Energy 16, 100417 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2020.100417
  44. A. Politano, P. Argurio, G. Di Profio, V. Sanna, A. Cupolillo et al., Photothermal membrane distillation for seawater desalination. Adv. Mater. 29(2), 1603504 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603504
  45. M.M. Ghafurian, H. Niazmand, E.K. Goharshadi, B.B. Zahmatkesh, A.E. Moallemi et al., Enhanced solar desalination by delignified wood coated with bimetallic Fe/Pd nanops. Desalination 493, 114657 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114657
  46. Y. Fan, S. Wang, F. Wang, J. He, Z. Tian et al., The assembly of a polymer and metal nanop coated glass capillary array for efficient solar desalination. J. Mater. Chem. A 8(48), 25904–25912 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA08950H
  47. M. Wang, P. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Jin, A ternary Pt/Au/TiO2-decorated plasmonic wood carbon for high-efficiency interfacial solar steam generation and photodegradation of tetracycline. Chemsuschem 12(2), 467–472 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201802485
  48. S. Kunwar, M. Sui, P. Pandey, Z. Gu, S. Pandit et al., Improved control on the morphology and LSPR properties of plasmonic Pt NPs through enhanced solid state dewetting by using a sacrificial indium layer. RSC Adv. 9(4), 2231–2243 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09049A
  49. Z. Li, C. Wang, Novel advances in metal-based solar absorber for photothermal vapor generation. Chin. Chem. Lett. 31(9), 2159–2166 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.09.030
  50. P. Wang, Emerging investigator series: the rise of nano-enabled photothermal materials for water evaporation and clean water production by sunlight. Environ. Sci. Nano 5(5), 1078–1089 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en00156a
  51. F. Meng, B. Ju, S. Zhang, B. Tang, Nano/microstructured materials for solar-driven interfacial evaporators towards water purification. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(24), 13746–13769 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA02202D
  52. J. Yang, X. Suo, X. Chen, S. Cai, X. Ji et al., Water-light induced self-blacking system constituted by quinoa cellulose and graphene oxide for high performance of salt-rejecting solar desalination. Adv. Sustain. Syst. 6(1), 2100350 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202100350
  53. I. McCue, E. Benn, B. Gaskey, J. Erlebacher, Dealloying and dealloyed materials. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 46(1), 263–286 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-031739
  54. J. Erlebacher, M.J. Aziz, A. Karma, N. Dimitrov, K. Sieradzki, Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying. Nature 410(6827), 450–453 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35068529
  55. Z. Deng, J. Zhou, L. Miao, C. Liu, Y. Peng et al., The emergence of solar thermal utilization: solar-driven steam generation. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(17), 7691–7709 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01361b
  56. F. Meng, Z. Ding, Z. Chen, K. Wang, X. Liu et al., N-doped carbon@Cu core–shell nanostructure with nearly full solar spectrum absorption and enhanced solar evaporation efficiency. J. Mater. Chem. A 10(17), 9575–9581 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA10591D
  57. S. Zhao, M. Xia, Y. Zhang, Q.-M. Hasi, J. Xu et al., Novel oil-repellent photothermal materials based on copper foam for efficient solar steam generation. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 225, 111058 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111058
  58. Y. Wang, Q. Zhang, Y. Wang, L.V. Besteiro, Y. Liu et al., Ultrastable plasmonic Cu-based core–shell nanops. Chem. Mater. 33(2), 695–705 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04059
  59. X. Liu, Y. Tian, F. Chen, A. Caratenuto, J.A. DeGiorgis et al., An easy-to-fabricate 2.5D evaporator for efficient solar desalination. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2100911 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100911
  60. N. Ponweiser, C.L. Lengauer, K.W. Richter, Re-investigation of phase equilibria in the system Al–Cu and structural analysis of the high-temperature phase η1-Al1−δCu. Intermetallics 19(11), 1737–1746 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.07.007
  61. J.L. Murray, The aluminium-copper system. Int. Met. Rev. 30(1), 211–234 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1179/imtr.1985.30.1.211
  62. I. Najdovski, P.R. Selvakannan, S.K. Bhargava, A.P. O’Mullane, Formation of nanostructured porous Cu–Au surfaces: the influence of cationic sites on (electro)-catalysis. Nanoscale 4(20), 6298–6306 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2NR31409F
  63. M.F. Al-Kuhaili, Characterization of copper oxide thin films deposited by the thermal evaporation of cuprous oxide (Cu2O). Vacuum 82(6), 623–629 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2007.10.004
  64. P. Motamedi, K. Cadien, XPS analysis of AlN thin films deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. Appl. Surf. Sci. 315, 104–109 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.105
  65. N. Kumar, K. Biswas, Cryomilling: An environment friendly approach of preparation large quantity ultra refined pure aluminium nanops. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8(1), 63–74 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2017.05.017
  66. X. Li, H. Wu, G. Bin, W. Wu, D. Wu et al., Electrode-induced digital-to-analog resistive switching in TaOx-based RRAM devices. Nanotechnology 27(30), 305201 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/30/305201
  67. J. Liu, W. Shi, X. Wang, Cluster-nuclei coassembled into two-dimensional hybrid CuO-PMA sub-1 nm nanosheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141(47), 18754–18758 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b08818
  68. M. Wang, J. Zhang, P. Wang, C. Li, X. Xu et al., Bifunctional plasmonic colloidosome/graphene oxide-based floating membranes for recyclable high-efficiency solar-driven clean water generation. Nano Res. 11(7), 3854–3863 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1959-7
  69. M. Chen, Y. Wu, W. Song, Y. Mo, X. Lin et al., Plasmonic nanop-embedded poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofibrous composite films for solar steam generation. Nanoscale 10(13), 6186–6193 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01017j
  70. World Health Organization (WHO), Safe drinking-water from desalination (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011)
  71. C. Chen, Y. Kuang, L. Hu, Challenges and opportunities for solar evaporation. Joule 3(3), 683–718 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.023
  72. R. Li, C. Zhou, L. Yang, J. Li, G. Zhang et al., Multifunctional cotton with PANI-Ag NPs heterojunction for solar-driven water evaporation. J. Hazard. Mater. 424, 127367 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127367
  73. B. Yuan, C. Zhang, Y. Liang, L. Yang, H. Yang et al., Defect-induced self-cleaning solar absorber with full-spectrum light absorption for efficient dye wastewater purification. Sol. RRL 5(5), 2100105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202100105
  74. S. Wang, Y. Fan, F. Wang, Y. Su, X. Zhou et al., Potentially scalable fabrication of salt-rejection evaporator based on electrogenerated polypyrrole-coated nickel foam for efficient solar steam generation. Desalination 505, 114982 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114982
  75. S. Ai, M. Ma, Y.-Z. Chen, X.-H. Gao, G. Liu, Metal-ceramic carbide integrated solar-driven evaporation device based on ZrC nanops for water evaporation and desalination. Chem. Eng. J. 429, 132014 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132014
  76. Y. Liu, S. Yu, R. Feng, A. Bernard, Y. Liu et al., A bioinspired, reusable, paper-based system for high-performance large-scale evaporation. Adv. Mater. 27(17), 2768–2774 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201500135
  77. A. Ebrahimi, E.K. Goharshadi, M. Mohammadi, Reduced graphene oxide/silver/wood as a salt-resistant photoabsorber in solar steam generation and a strong antibacterial agent. Mater. Chem. Phys. 275, 125258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125258
  78. Z. Deng, P.-F. Liu, J. Zhou, L. Miao, Y. Peng et al., A novel ink-stained paper for solar heavy metal treatment and desalination. Sol. RRL 2(10), 1800073 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800073
  79. P. Qiao, J. Wu, H. Li, Y. Xu, L. Ren et al., Plasmon Ag-promoted solar–thermal conversion on floating carbon cloth for seawater desalination and sewage disposal. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(7), 7066–7073 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b20665
  80. Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Q. Huang, X. Liang, X. Zhou et al., A high-absorption and self-driven salt-resistant black gold nanop-deposited sponge for highly efficient, salt-free, and long-term durable solar desalination. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(6), 2581–2588 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA10227A
  81. L. Zhou, Y. Tan, D. Ji, B. Zhu, P. Zhang et al., Self-assembly of highly efficient, broadband plasmonic absorbers for solar steam generation. Sci. Adv. 2(4), e1501227 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501227
  82. K. Bae, G. Kang, S.K. Cho, W. Park, K. Kim et al., Flexible thin-film black gold membranes with ultrabroadband plasmonic nanofocusing for efficient solar vapour generation. Nat. Commun. 6, 10103 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10103
  83. D. Jalas, R. Canchi, A.Y. Petrov, S. Lang, L. Shao et al., Effective medium model for the spectral properties of nanoporous gold in the visible. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105(24), 241906 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4904714
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Statistic
Read Counter : 3182 Download : 2392

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>