RuRh Bimetallic Nanoparticles Stabilized by 15-membered Macrocycles-terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer: Preparation and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrile—Butadiene Rubber
Corresponding Author: Xiaohong Peng
Nano-Micro Letters,
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2014), Article Number: 55-62
Abstract
A new fourth-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (G4-M) containing 32 triolefinic 15-membered macrocycles on the surfaces has been synthesized. The bimetallic RuRh-dendrimer-stabilized nanoparticles (DSNs) were first prepared within G4-M by a co-complexation route. The new G4-M dendrimer has been characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared radiation, and elemental analysis. The dendrimer-stabilized bimetallic ions and reduction courses were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to characterize the bimetallic nanoparticle size, size distribution, and particle morphology. The RuRh bimetallic DSNs showed high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
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- A. K. Singh and Q. Xu, “Synergistic catalysis over bimetallic alloy nanoparticles”, Chem.Cat.Chem. 5(3), 652–676 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201200591
- D. F. Yancey, E. V. Carino and R. M. Crooks, “Electrochemical synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of Au@Pt dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(32), 10988–10989 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja104677z
- J. H. Sinfelt, “Structure of bimetallic clusters”, Acc. Chem. Res. 20(4), 134–139 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00136a002
- D. Mott, J. Luo, P. N. Njoki, Y. Lin, L. Y. Wang and C. J. Zhong, “Synergistic activity of gold-platinum alloy nanoparticle catalysts”, Catalysis Today. 122(3–4), 378–385 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.007
- H. L. Jiang and Q. Xu, “Recent progress in synergistic catalysis over heterometallic nanoparticles”, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 13705–13725 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1JM12020D
- R. W. J. Scott, O. M. Wilson, S. K. Oh, E. A. Kenik and R. M. Crooks, “Bimetallic palladium-gold dendrimer-encapsulated catalysts”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(47), 15583–15591 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0475860
- D. Astruc, E. Boisselier and C. Ornelas, “Dendrimers designed for functions: from physical, photophysical, and supramolecular properties to applications in sensing, catalysis, molecular electronics, photonics, and nanomedicine”, Chem. Rev. 110 (4), 1857–1959 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr900327d
- W. M. Knecht, M. A. Frenkel and R. M. Crooks, “Structural analysis of PdAudendrimer-encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles”, Langmuir 26(2), 1137–1146 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la902233h
- W. Zhang, L. Li, Y. K. Du, X. M. Wang and P. Yang, “Gold/Platinum bimetallic core/shell nanoparticles stabilized by an frchet-type dendrimer: preparation and catalytic hydrogenations of phenylaldehydes and nitrobenzenes”, CatalLett. 127(3–4), 429–436 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9725-9
- A. Serra-Muns and R. Pleixats, “Tsuji-trost allylations with palladium recovery by Phosphines/Pd(0)-Triolefinic macrocyclic catalysts”, J.Organomet. Chem. 695(8), 1231–1236 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.01.033
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- X. H. Peng, Q. M. Pan and X. R. Lu, “Regioselective catalyzed modification of poly(methylhydro)siloxane using RuRh and RuPt bimetallic dendrimerencapsulated nanoparticles”, J.Appl.Polym. Sci. 122(1), 334–341 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.34178
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References
A. K. Singh and Q. Xu, “Synergistic catalysis over bimetallic alloy nanoparticles”, Chem.Cat.Chem. 5(3), 652–676 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201200591
D. F. Yancey, E. V. Carino and R. M. Crooks, “Electrochemical synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of Au@Pt dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(32), 10988–10989 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja104677z
J. H. Sinfelt, “Structure of bimetallic clusters”, Acc. Chem. Res. 20(4), 134–139 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00136a002
D. Mott, J. Luo, P. N. Njoki, Y. Lin, L. Y. Wang and C. J. Zhong, “Synergistic activity of gold-platinum alloy nanoparticle catalysts”, Catalysis Today. 122(3–4), 378–385 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.007
H. L. Jiang and Q. Xu, “Recent progress in synergistic catalysis over heterometallic nanoparticles”, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 13705–13725 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1JM12020D
R. W. J. Scott, O. M. Wilson, S. K. Oh, E. A. Kenik and R. M. Crooks, “Bimetallic palladium-gold dendrimer-encapsulated catalysts”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(47), 15583–15591 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0475860
D. Astruc, E. Boisselier and C. Ornelas, “Dendrimers designed for functions: from physical, photophysical, and supramolecular properties to applications in sensing, catalysis, molecular electronics, photonics, and nanomedicine”, Chem. Rev. 110 (4), 1857–1959 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr900327d
W. M. Knecht, M. A. Frenkel and R. M. Crooks, “Structural analysis of PdAudendrimer-encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles”, Langmuir 26(2), 1137–1146 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la902233h
W. Zhang, L. Li, Y. K. Du, X. M. Wang and P. Yang, “Gold/Platinum bimetallic core/shell nanoparticles stabilized by an frchet-type dendrimer: preparation and catalytic hydrogenations of phenylaldehydes and nitrobenzenes”, CatalLett. 127(3–4), 429–436 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9725-9
A. Serra-Muns and R. Pleixats, “Tsuji-trost allylations with palladium recovery by Phosphines/Pd(0)-Triolefinic macrocyclic catalysts”, J.Organomet. Chem. 695(8), 1231–1236 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.01.033
E. Badetti, A. M. Caminade, J. P. Majoral, M. Moreno-Mañas and R. M. Sebastian, “Palladium(0) nanoparticles stabilized by phosphorus dendrimers containing coordinating 15-membered triolefinic macrocycles in periphery”, Langmuir 24(5), 2090–2101 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7013418
S. Cerezo, J. Cortès, D. Galvan, E. Lago, C. Marchi, E. Molins, M. Moreno-Mañas, R. Pleixats, J. Torrejón and A. Vallribera, “Preparation of nitrogen-containing 15-membered triolefinic macrocycles: (E,E,E)-1,6,11-tris(arylsulfonyl)- 1,6,11- triazacyclopentadeca- 3, 8, 13 -Trienes”, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2, 329–337 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(200101)2001:2<329::AID-EJOC329>3.0.CO;2-N
H. Wang, Q. M. Pan and G. L. Rempel, “Organic solvent-free catalytic hydrogenation of dienebased polymer nanoparticles in latex form: Part I.Preparation of nano-substrate”, J.Polym.Sci. Pol.Chem. 50(22), 4656–4665 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.26277
P. Martin, N. T. McManus and G. L. Rempel, “A detailed study of the hydrogenation of nitrilebutadiene rubber and other substrates catalyzed by Ru(II) complexes”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 126(2–3), 115–131 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(97)00102-7
Y. He, E. S. Daniels, A. Klein and M. S. El-Aasser, “Grafting behavior of n-butyl acrylate onto poly (butadiene-co-styrene) latexes”, J.Appl.Polym. Sci. 65(3), 511–523 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970718)65:3<511::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-#
R. M. Crooks, M. Q. Zhao, L. Sun, V. Chechik and L. K. Yeung, “Dendrimer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and applications to catalysis”, Acc. Chem. Res. 34(3), 181–190 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar000110a
S. Cerezo, J. Cortes, E. Lago, E. Molins, M. Moreno-Manas, T. Parella, R. Pleixats, J. Torrejon and A. Vallribera, “The first transition metal complexes of 15-membered triolefinic macrocycles: (E,E,E)-1,6,11-tris(arenesulfonyl)-1,6,11-triazacyclopentadeca-3,8,13-triene complexes of palladium(0), platinum(0), and silver(I)”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 8, 1999–2006 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0682 (200108)2001:8<1999::AID-EJIC1999>3.0.CO;2-V
Y. M. Chung and H. K. Rhee, “Partial hydrogenation of 1, 3-cyclooctadiene using dendrimer-encapsulated Pd-Rh bimetallic nanoparticles”, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 206(1–2), 291–298 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00418-7
Y. M. Chung and H. K. Rhee, “Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated in dendrimer nanoreactor”, CatalLett. 85(3-4), 159–164 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022181327349
X. H. Peng, Q. M. Pan and X. R. Lu, “Regioselective catalyzed modification of poly(methylhydro)siloxane using RuRh and RuPt bimetallic dendrimerencapsulated nanoparticles”, J.Appl.Polym. Sci. 122(1), 334–341 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.34178
N. Toshima and T. Yonezawa, “Bimetallic nanoparticles- novel materials for chemical and physical applications”, N. J. Chem. 22(11), 1179–1201 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/A805753B
X. H. Peng, Q. M. Pan and G. L. Rempel, “Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles as catalysts: a review of the research advances”, Chem. Soc. Rev. 37(8), 1619–1628 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b716441f