Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Metal–Organic Framework Nanozymes: From Rational Design and Synthesis to Biomedical Applications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02168-x
Shundong Cai
Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Mengdie Li
Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Songyi Wang
Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Xiaofei Wen
Department of Vascular & Tumor Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, People’s Republic of China
Gang Liu
State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Chengchao Chu
Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Chengchao Chu

chuchengchao@xmu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 319

Abstract

Metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozymes have recently demonstrated considerable potential for biomedical applications. The catalytic activity of MOF nanozymes is primarily determined by the coordination of metal ions and organic ligands. Additionally, optimizing the morphology and pore size enhances the catalytic efficiency. However, a systematic framework bridging structural features to functional performance remains limited. To guide rational design, this review systematically analyzes how the selection of metal ions and organic ligands, as well as morphology, influences the catalytic activity of MOF nanozymes. The advantages and limitations of different synthesis methods are also summarized. Through concrete case studies, this review introduces major biomedical applications of MOF nanozymes, with a focus on their underlying catalytic mechanisms. Finally, key challenges confronting MOF nanozymes are critically analyzed, and future research directions are proposed.


Highlights:
1 This review examines the influence of metal ions and organic ligands on the catalytic activity of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozymes, thereby providing guidance for the rational design of MOF nanozymes.
2 This review systematically summarizes recent advances in biomedical applications of MOF nanozymes.
3 This review provides a detailed discussion on the current challenges and future research directions in the development of MOF nanozymes.

Keywords

Nanozyme Metal–organic framework Tumor therapy Anti-inflammation Biosensing
Cai, Shundong, Mengdie Li, Songyi Wang, Xiaofei Wen, Gang Liu, and Chengchao Chu. 2026. “Metal–Organic Framework Nanozymes: From Rational Design and Synthesis to Biomedical Applications”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (April):319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02168-x.
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