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Vol. 18 (2026)

Boron-Insertion-Induced Lattice Engineering of Rh Nanocrystals Toward Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitric Oxide to Ammonia

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01919-6
Peng Han
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Xiangou Xu
Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
Weiwei Chen
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Long Zheng
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Chen Ma
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Gang Wang
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Lei Xu
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Ping Gu
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Wenbin Wang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Qiyuan He
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Zhiyuan Zeng
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Center of Super‑Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Jinlan Wang
Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
Dong Su
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Chongyi Ling
Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
Zhengxiang Gu
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
Ye Chen
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Ye Chen

yechen@cuhk.edu.hk

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 74

Abstract

Electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) reduction reaction (NORR) is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia (NH3) synthesis and hazardous NO removal. However, current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts. Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties. Herein, we realize boron (B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium (Rh) nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh4B nanoparticles (NPs) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method. A high Faradaic efficiency (92.1 ± 1.2%) and NH3 yield rate (629.5 ± 11.0 µmol h−1 cm−2) are achieved over hcp RhB NPs, far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts. In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center, enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile, and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step. A demonstrative Zn–NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2, realizing simultaneous NO removal, NH3 synthesis, and electricity output.


Highlights:
1 Phase regulation of B-inserted rhodium (Rh) nanocrystals is achieved using a facile wet-chemical approach.
2 The B-inserted Rh nanocatalysts exhibit phase-dependent behaviors in electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) reduction reaction.
3 The hexagonal close-packed RhB nanocatalysts demonstrate superior electrocatalytic activity in NH3 production with a maximum NH3 yield rate of 629.5 µmol h−1 cm−2 and FENH3 of 92.1%.
4 Theoretical simulations reveal possible origin of the excellent electrocatalytic activity, which could be attributed to the d-band center upshift, enhanced NO adsorption/activation, and reduced energy barrier of rate-determining step.

Keywords

Lattice engineering of nanomaterials Phase engineering of nanomaterials Wet-chemical synthesis Metal nanocatalysts Nitric oxide reduction reaction Electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Han, Peng, Xiangou Xu, Weiwei Chen, Long Zheng, Chen Ma, Gang Wang, Lei Xu, Ping Gu, Wenbin Wang, Qiyuan He, Zhiyuan Zeng, Jinlan Wang, Dong Su, Chongyi Ling, Zhengxiang Gu, and Ye Chen. 2025. “Boron-Insertion-Induced Lattice Engineering of Rh Nanocrystals Toward Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitric Oxide to Ammonia”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (October):74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01919-6.
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