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Vol. 16 (2024)

Lithium-Ion Charged Polymer Channels Flattening Lithium Metal Anode

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01300-5
Haofan Duan
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Yu You
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Gang Wang
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Xiangze Ou
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Jin Wen
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Qiao Huang
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Pengbo Lyu
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Yaru Liang
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Qingyu Li
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
Jianyu Huang
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Yun‑Xiao Wang
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
Hua‑Kun Liu
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
Shi Xue Dou
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
Wei‑Hong Lai
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia

Corresponding Author: Wei‑Hong Lai

weihongl@uow.edu.au

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 78

Abstract

The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth. Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we construct a lithium nitrate (LiNO3)-implanted electroactive β phase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) crystalline polymorph layer (PHL). The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels. These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes, decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites. The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions. The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0% for 250 cycles in lithium (Li)||copper (Cu) cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm−2 with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%. Furthermore, the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and LiFePO4 cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9% after 900 cycles. Impressively, the full cell paired with LiNi0.87Co0.1Mn0.03O2 maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 84.3% after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83. This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO3 in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.


Highlights:
1 The LiNO3-implanted electroactive β phase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene was built as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer for dendrite suppression.
2 The electronegatively charged polymer layer can capture Li ion on its surface to form Li-ion charged channels and recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes via continuous supply of Li ion.
3 The modified Li anode achieved a long cycle life over 2000 h under ultrahigh Li utilization of 50% in symmetric cell and worked in full cell for 100 cycles at harsh condition of extremely low N/P of 0.83.

Keywords

Polymer ionic channel Li metal batteries Artificial protective layer Uniform Li deposition Electrochemical performances
Duan, Haofan, Yu You, Gang Wang, Xiangze Ou, Jin Wen, Qiao Huang, Pengbo Lyu, Yaru Liang, Qingyu Li, Jianyu Huang, Yun‑Xiao Wang, Hua‑Kun Liu, Shi Xue Dou, and Wei‑Hong Lai. 2024. “Lithium-Ion Charged Polymer Channels Flattening Lithium Metal Anode”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (January):78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01300-5.
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