Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4
Bin Wang
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Yuan Lu
Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yuan Lu

yuanlu@tsinghua.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 155

Abstract

Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.


Highlights:
1 Recent advances and design strategies for molecular machines working as collectives in building smart responsive materials and micro/nanoscale operations are summarized in this review.
2 The modulation of collective behaviors characteristics and properties is summarized in focus, including reversibility, amplification, anisotropy and reconfigurability of smart materials, as well as reconfigurability, orthogonality and logical control of swarming.
3 Experiences and paradigms in the field of micro/nanorobotics in collective construction, control strategies, and model transformations are expected to provide guidance for molecular machines to build reconfigurable, multi-dimensional, and multi-modularity advanced collectives.

Keywords

Molecular machines Collective control Collective behaviors DNA Biomolecular motors
Wang, Bin, and Yuan Lu. 2024. “Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (March):155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4.
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