Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

A Review of Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01328-1
Ghazanfar Nazir
Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Adeela Rehman
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei‑Ro, Seodaemun‑Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
Jong‑Hoon Lee
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
Choong‑Hee Kim
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
Jagadis Gautam
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
Kwang Heo
Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Sajjad Hussain
Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Muhammad Ikram
Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000 Punjab, Pakistan
Abeer A. AlObaid
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Seul‑Yi Lee
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
Soo‑Jin Park
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea

Corresponding Author: Soo‑Jin Park

sjpark@inha.ac.kr

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 138

Abstract

Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries, such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage. ZABs offer advantages such as low environmental impact, enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries, and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of zinc. However, early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox kinetics. Recent advancements in restructuring the anode, utilizing alternative electrolytes, and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved ZABs. Scientists have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles, introduced new electrolytes, and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%. Despite these achievements, there are challenges related to lower power density, shorter lifespan, and air electrode corrosion leading to performance degradation. This review paper discusses different battery configurations, and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs, and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery performance. The paper also explores recent advancements, applications, and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.


Highlights:
1 Recent progress in Zn–air batteries is critically reviewed.
2 Current challenges of rechargeable Zn–air batteries are highlighted.
3 Strategies for the advancement of the anode, electrolyte, and oxygen catalyst are discussed.
4 Future research directions are provided to design commercial Zn–air batteries.

Keywords

Zinc–air batteries Energy storage Affordability Reversibility
Nazir, Ghazanfar, Adeela Rehman, Jong‑Hoon Lee, Choong‑Hee Kim, Jagadis Gautam, Kwang Heo, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Ikram, Abeer A. AlObaid, Seul‑Yi Lee, and Soo‑Jin Park. 2024. “A Review of Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (February):138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01328-1.
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