Issue

Vol. 11 (2019)

Cell Nanomechanics Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Device

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0331-8
Zhichao Li
Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Chao Gao
Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Sisi Fan
Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Jiang Zou
Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Guoying Gu
Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Mingdong Dong
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
Jie Song
Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jie Song

sjie@sjtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 11 (2019), Article Number: 98

Abstract

As a frontier of biology, mechanobiology plays an important role in tissue and biomedical engineering. It is a common sense that mechanical cues under extracellular microenvironment affect a lot in regulating the behaviors of cells such as proliferation and gene expression, etc. In such an interdisciplinary field, engineering methods like the pneumatic and motor-driven devices have been employed for years. Nevertheless, such techniques usually rely on complex structures, which cost much but not so easy to control. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are well known as a kind of soft actuation technology, and their research prospect in biomechanical field is gradually concerned due to their properties just like large deformation (> 100%) and fast response (< 1 ms). In addition, DEAs are usually optically transparent and can be fabricated into small volume, which make them easy to cooperate with regular microscope to realize real-time dynamic imaging of cells. This paper first reviews the basic components, principle, and evaluation of DEAs and then overview some corresponding applications of DEAs for cellular mechanobiology research. We also provide a comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current custom-built devices and share some opinions about their potential applications in the future according to widely reported results via other methods.


Highlights:


1 The main components, principle, and technology of dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) were reviewed to illustrate that DEA can be an effective carrier for mechanobiology research.
2 Comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current commercial devices is provided, as well as the outlook of the DEA bio-applications in the future.

Keywords

Dielectric elastomer actuator Mechanical stimulus Bioreactor Mechanobiology
Li, Zhichao, Chao Gao, Sisi Fan, Jiang Zou, Guoying Gu, Mingdong Dong, and Jie Song. 2019. “Cell Nanomechanics Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Device”. Nano-Micro Letters 11 (November):98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0331-8.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. C.R. Jacobs, H. Huang, R.Y. Kwon, Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology. (Garland Science, 2012), p. 3. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781135042653
  2. G. Bao, S. Suresh, Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials. Nat. Mater. 2(11), 715–725 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1001
  3. J.H.-C. Wang, B.P. Thampatty, An introductory review of cell mechanobiology. Biomech. Model Mechanobiol. 5(1), 1–16 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-005-0012-z
  4. S. Van Helvert, C. Storm, P. Friedl, Mechanoreciprocity in cell migration. Nat. Cell Biol. 20(1), 8–20 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-017-0012-0
  5. S.A. Gudipaty, J. Lindblom, P.D. Loftus, M.J. Redd, K. Edes, C. Davey, V. Krishnegowda, J. Rosenblatt, Mechanical stretch triggers rapid epithelial cell division through Piezo1. Nature 543(7643), 118–121 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21407
  6. I. Manabe, T. Shindo, R. Nagai, Gene expression in fibroblasts and fibrosis: involvement in cardiac hypertrophy. Circ. Res. 91(12), 1103–1113 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000046452.67724.B8
  7. G.-K. Xu, X.-Q. Feng, H. Gao, Orientations of cells on compliant substrates under biaxial stretches: a theoretical study. Biophys. J. 114(3), 701–710 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.002
  8. A. Livne, E. Bouchbinder, B. Geiger, Cell reorientation under cyclic stretching. Nat. Commun. 5, 3938 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4938
  9. J. Ando, K. Yamamoto, Vascular mechanobiology. Circ. J. 73(11), 1983–1992 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-09-0583
  10. D.M. Wootton, D.N. Ku, Fluid mechanics of vascular systems, diseases, and thrombosis. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 1(1), 299–329 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.299
  11. K.R. Levental, H. Yu, L. Kass, J.N. Lakins, M. Egeblad et al., Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling. Cell 139(5), 891–906 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.027
  12. D.-H. Kim, P.K. Wong, J. Park, A. Levchenko, Y. Sun, Microengineered platforms for cell mechanobiology. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 11, 203–233 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-061008-124915
  13. J.S. Park, J.S.F. Chu, C. Catherine, C. Fanqing, C. David, L. Song, Differential effects of equiaxial and uniaxial strain on mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 88(3), 359–368 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20250
  14. T.D. Brown, Techniques for mechanical stimulation of cells in vitro: a review. J. Biomech. 33(1), 3–14 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00177-3
  15. C.A. Davis, S. Zambrano, P. Anumolu, A.C. Allen, L. Sonoqui, M.R. Moreno, Device-based in vitro techniques for mechanical stimulation of vascular cells: a review. J. Biomech. Eng. 137(4), 040801 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4029016
  16. Q. Wang, H. Huang, Y. Niu, X. Zhang, P. Jiang, K.E. Swindle-Reilly, Y. Zhao, Microscale cell stretcher to generate spatially uniform equi-biaxial strain using an elastomeric membrane with a contoured thickness profile. Sens. Actuator B 273, 1600–1609 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.07.051
  17. K. Shimizu, A. Shunori, K. Morimoto, M. Hashida, S. Konishi, Development of a biochip with serially connected pneumatic balloons for cell-stretching culture. Sens. Actuator B 156(1), 486–493 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.04.048
  18. H.Y. Lim, J. Kim, H.J. Song, K. Kim, K.C. Choi, S. Park, G.Y. Sung, Development of wrinkled skin-on-a-chip (WSOC) by cyclic uniaxial stretching. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 68, 238–245 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.050
  19. J. Kreutzer, L. Ikonen, J. Hirvonen, M. Pekkanen-Mattila, K. Aalto-Setälä, P. Kallio, Pneumatic cell stretching system for cardiac differentiation and culture. Med. Eng. Phys. 36(4), 496–501 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.09.008
  20. S. Schürmann, S. Wagner, S. Herlitze, C. Fischer, S. Gumbrecht et al., The isostretcher: an isotropic cell stretch device to study mechanical biosensor pathways in living cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 81, 363–372 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.015
  21. Y. Kamotani, T. Bersano-Begey, N. Kato, Y.-C. Tung, D. Huh, J.W. Song, S. Takayama, Individually programmable cell stretching microwell arrays actuated by a Braille display. Biomaterials 29(17), 2646–2655 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.02.019
  22. I. Sraj, C.D. Eggleton, R. Jimenez, E.E. Hoover, J.A. Squier, J. Chichester, D.W. Marr, Cell deformation cytometry using diode-bar optical stretchers. J. Biomed. Opt. 15(4), 047010 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3470124
  23. N. Bellini, F. Bragheri, I. Cristiani, J. Guck, R. Osellame, G. Whyte, Validation and perspectives of a femtosecond laser fabricated monolithic optical stretcher. Biomed. Opt. Express 3(10), 2658–2668 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.002658
  24. K. Kurata, K. Sumida, H. Takamatsu, Open-source cell extension system assembled from laser-cut plates. HardwareX 5, e00065 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00065
  25. L.-E. Mantella, A. Quan, S. Verma, Variability in vascular smooth muscle cell stretch-induced responses in 2D culture. Vasc. Cell 7(1), 7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13221-015-0032-0
  26. A.J. Banes, J. Gilbert, D. Taylor, O. Monbureau, A new vacuum-operated stress-providing instrument that applies static or variable duration cyclic tension or compression to cells in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 75(1), 35–42 (1985)
  27. T. Mitsui, H. Azuma, M. Nagasawa, T. Iuchi, M. Akaike, M. Odomi, T. Matsumoto, Chronic corticosteroid administration causes mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. J. Neuro. 249(8), 1004–1009 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-002-0774-5
  28. R. Pelrine, R. Kornbluh, Q. Pei, J. Joseph, High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%. Science 287(5454), 836–839 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5454.836
  29. K. Ren, Y. Liu, H. Hofmann, Q. Zhang, J. Blottman, An active energy harvesting scheme with an electroactive polymer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(13), 132910 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2793172
  30. M. Matysek, P. Lotz, T. Winterstein, H.F. Schlaak, Dielectric elastomer actuators for tactile displays. World Haptics 2009-Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. 290–295 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/WHC.2009.4810822
  31. G. Gu, J. Zou, R. Zhao, X. Zhao, X. Zhu, Soft wall-climbing robots. Sci. Robot. 3, 2874 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat2874
  32. L. Xu, H.-Q. Chen, J. Zou, W.-T. Dong, G.-Y. Gu, L.-M. Zhu, X.-Y. Zhu, Bio-inspired annelid robot: a dielectric elastomer actuated soft robot. Bioinspir. Biomim. 12(2), 025003 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/aa50a5
  33. G.-Y. Gu, U. Gupta, J. Zhu, L.-M. Zhu, X.-Y. Zhu, Feedforward deformation control of a dielectric elastomer actuator based on a nonlinear dynamic model. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(4), 042907 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4927767
  34. C. Löwe, X. Zhang, G. Kovacs, Dielectric elastomers in actuator technology. Adv. Eng. Mater. 7(5), 361–367 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500066
  35. G. Kofod, R.D. Kornbluh, R. Pelrine, P. Sommer-Larsen, Actuation response of polyacrylate dielectric elastomers. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. 2001 Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices 4329, 141–147 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.432638
  36. J. Zou, G. Gu, Dynamic modeling of dielectric elastomer actuators with a minimum energy structure. Smart Mater. Struct. 28(8), 085039 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab2c1f
  37. J. Zou, G. Gu, Feedforward control of the rate-dependent viscoelastic hysteresis nonlinearity in dielectric elastomer actuators. IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett. 4(3), 2340–2347 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2019.2902954
  38. J. Zou, G. Gu, High-precision tracking control of a soft dielectric elastomer actuator with inverse viscoelastic hysteresis compensation. IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 24(1), 36–44 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2018.2873620
  39. J. Zou, G. Gu, Modeling the viscoelastic hysteresis of dielectric elastomer actuators with a modified rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii model. Polymers 10(5), 525 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050525
  40. G.-Y. Gu, U. Gupta, J. Zhu, L.-M. Zhu, X. Zhu, Modeling of viscoelastic electromechanical behavior in a soft dielectric elastomer actuator. IEEE Trans. Robot. 33(5), 1263–1271 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2017.2706285
  41. J. Zou, G.-Y. Gu, L.-M. Zhu, Open-loop control of creep and vibration in dielectric elastomer actuators with phenomenological models. IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 22(1), 51–58 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2016.2591069
  42. S. Akbari, S. Rosset, H.R. Shea, More than 10-fold increase in the actuation strain of silicone dielectric elastomer actuators by applying prestrain. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 8687, 86871P (2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2009912
  43. F. Carpi, G. Frediani, D. De Rossi, Electroactive elastomeric actuators for biomedical and bioinspired systems. 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob). 623–627 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/BioRob.2012.6290761
  44. A. Poulin, C.S. Demir, S. Rosset, T.V. Petrova, H. Shea, Dielectric elastomer actuator for mechanical loading of 2D cell cultures. Lab Chip 16(19), 3788–3794 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6LC00903D
  45. A. Poulin, S. Rosset, H. Shea, Fabrication and characterization of silicone-based dielectric elastomer actuators for mechanical stimulation of living cells. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD). 10594, 105940 V (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295687
  46. S. Akbari, H. Shea, Arrays of 100 μm × 100 μm dielectric elastomer actuators to strain the single cells. Procedia Eng. 25, 693–696 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.171
  47. S. Akbari, M. Niklaus, H. Shea, Arrays of EAP micro-actuators for single-cell stretching applications. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD); 7642, 76420H (2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.847125
  48. S. Akbari, H. Shea, Microfabrication and characterization of an array of dielectric elastomer actuators generating uniaxial strain to stretch individual cells. J. Micromech. Microeng. 22(4), 045020 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/22/4/045020
  49. P. Brochu, Q. Pei, Advances in dielectric elastomers for actuators and artificial muscles. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 31(1), 10–36 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200900425
  50. R.E. Pelrine, R.D. Kornbluh, J.P. Joseph, Electrostriction of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation. Sens. Actuator A 64(1), 77–85 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(97)01657-9
  51. S. Rosset, H.R. Shea, Flexible and stretchable electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators. Appl. Phys. A 110(2), 281–307 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7402-8
  52. F. Carpi, P. Chiarelli, A. Mazzoldi, D. De Rossi, Electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer planar actuators: comparative evaluation of different electrode materials and different counterloads. Sens. Actuator A 107(1), 85–95 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00257-7
  53. R.D. Kornbluh, R. Pelrine, J. Joseph, R. Heydt, Q. Pei, S. Chiba, High-field electrostriction of elastomeric polymer dielectrics for actuation. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. 1999 Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 3669, 149–162 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349672
  54. R. Pelrine, R. Kornbluh, J. Joseph, R. Heydt, Q. Pei, S. Chiba, High-field deformation of elastomeric dielectrics for actuators. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 11(2), 89–100 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(00)00128-4
  55. P. Lotz, M. Matysek, H.F. Schlaak, Fabrication and application of miniaturized dielectric elastomer stack actuators. IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 16(1), 58–66 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2010.2090164
  56. M. Aschwanden, A. Stemmer, Low voltage, highly tunable diffraction grating based on dielectric elastomer actuators. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 6524, 65241N (2007). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713325
  57. F.C. Krebs, Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: a review of printing and coating techniques. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93(4), 394–412 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.10.004
  58. O.A. Araromi, S. Rosset, H.R. Shea, High-resolution, large-area fabrication of compliant electrodes via laser ablation for robust, stretchable dielectric elastomer actuators and sensors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7(32), 18046–18053 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04975
  59. S. Rosset, M. Niklaus, P. Dubois, H.R. Shea, Large-stroke dielectric elastomer actuators with ion-implanted electrodes. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 18(6), 1300–1308 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2031690
  60. S. Rosset, M. Niklaus, P. Dubois, H.R. Shea, Mechanical characterization of a dielectric elastomer microactuator with ion-implanted electrodes. Sens. Actuator A 144(1), 185–193 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2007.12.030
  61. P. Dubois, S. Rosset, S. Koster, J. Stauffer, S. Mikhaïlov, M. Dadras, N.F.D. Rooij, H. Shea, Microactuators based on ion implanted dielectric electroactive polymer (EAP) membranes. Sens. Actuator A 130(2), 147–154 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.11.069
  62. S. Rosset, M. Niklaus, P. Dubois, H.R. Shea, Metal ion implantation for the fabrication of stretchable electrodes on elastomers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(3), 470–478 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801218
  63. F. Greco, A. Bellacicca, M. Gemmi, V. Cappello, V. Mattoli, P. Milani, Conducting shrinkable nanocomposite based on au-nanoparticle implanted plastic sheet: tunable thermally induced surface wrinkling. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(13), 7060–7065 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b00825
  64. L. Hu, Y. Wei, P. Brochu, G. Gruner, Q. Pei, Highly stretchable, conductive, and transparent nanotube thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 1459 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3114463
  65. G. Kovacs, L. Düring, Contractive tension force stack actuator based on soft dielectric eap. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 7287, 72870A (2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.815195
  66. C. Keplinger, J.-Y. Sun, C.C. Foo, P. Rothemund, G.M. Whitesides, Z. Suo, Stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors. Science 341(6149), 984–987 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240228
  67. Y. Cao, T.G. Morrissey, E. Acome, S.I. Allec, B.M. Wong, C. Keplinger, C. Wang, A transparent, self-healing, highly stretchable ionic conductor. Adv. Mater. 29(10), 1605099 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201605099
  68. G. Haghiashtiani, E. Habtour, S.-H. Park, F. Gardea, M.C. McAlpine, 3d Printed electrically-driven soft actuators. Extreme Mechan. Lett. 21, 1–8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2018.02.002
  69. A. O’Halloran, F. O’malley, P. McHugh, A review on dielectric elastomer actuators, technology, applications, and challenges. J. Appl. Phys. 104(7), 9 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2981642
  70. D. Cei, J. Costa, G. Gori, G. Frediani, C. Domenici, F. Carpi, A. Ahluwalia, A bioreactor with an electro-responsive elastomeric membrane for mimicking intestinal peristalsis. Bioinspir. Biomim. 12(1), 016001 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/12/1/016001
  71. A. Poulin, S. Rosset, H. Shea, Toward compression of small cell population: Harnessing stress in passive regions of dielectric elastomer actuators. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 9056, 90561Q (2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2044784
  72. Z. Suo, Theory of dielectric elastomers. Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 23(6), 549–578 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-9166(11)60004-9
  73. B. Li, J. Zhou, H. Chen, Electromechanical stability in charge-controlled dielectric elastomer actuation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(24), 244101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3670048
  74. L. Jiang, A. Betts, D. Kennedy, S. Jerrams, Eliminating electromechanical instability in dielectric elastomers by employing pre-stretch. J. Phys. D 49(26), 265401 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/26/265401
  75. S.J.A. Koh, T. Li, J. Zhou, X. Zhao, W. Hong, J. Zhu, Z. Suo, Mechanisms of large actuation strain in dielectric elastomers. J. Polym. Sci. B 49(7), 504–515 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.22223
  76. C.T.F. Ross, in Finite Element Techniques in Structural Mechanics. Albion Pub. 198 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857099846
  77. J. Blaber, B. Adair, A. Antoniou, Ncorr: open-source 2D digital image correlation matlab software. Exp. Mech. 55(6), 1105–1122 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0009-1
  78. A. Poulin, M. Imboden, F. Sorba, S. Grazioli, C. Martin-Olmos, S. Rosset, H. Shea, An ultra-fast mechanically active cell culture substrate. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 9895 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27915-y
  79. Y. Bar-Cohen, S. Rosset, A. Poulin, A. Zollinger, M. Smith, H. Shea, Dielectric elastomer actuator for the measurement of cell traction forces with sub-cellular resolution. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 10163, 101630P (2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2258731
  80. D.R. Gossett, T. Henry, S.A. Lee, Y. Ying, A.G. Lindgren et al., Hydrodynamic stretching of single cells for large population mechanical phenotyping. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109(20), 7630–7635 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200107109
  81. V. Lulevich, T. Zink, H.-Y. Chen, F.-T. Liu, G.-Y. Liu, Cell mechanics using atomic force microscopy-based single-cell compression. Langmuir 22(19), 8151–8155 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/la060561p
  82. D.B. Serrell, T.L. Oreskovic, A.J. Slifka, R.L. Mahajan, D.S. Finch, A uniaxial bioMEMS device for quantitative force-displacement measurements. Biomed. Microdevices 9(2), 267–275 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-006-9032-4
  83. S. Henon, G. Lenormand, A. Richert, F. Gallet, A new determination of the shear modulus of the human erythrocyte membrane using optical tweezers. Biophys. J. 76(2), 1145–1151 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77279-6
  84. S. Akbari, H.R. Shea, An array of 100 μm × 100 μm dielectric elastomer actuators with 80% strain for tissue engineering applications. Sens. Actuator A 186, 236–241 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.01.030
  85. M. Imboden, E. de Coulon, A. Poulin, C. Dellenbach, S. Rosset, H. Shea, S. Rohr, High-speed mechano-active multielectrode array for investigating rapid stretch effects on cardiac tissue. Nat. Commun. 10(1), 834 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08757-2
  86. S. Wu, L. Qian, L. Huang, X. Sun, H. Su et al., A plasmonic mass spectrometry approach for detection of small nutrients and toxins. Nano-Micro Lett. 10(3), 52 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0204-6
  87. X. Sun, L. Huang, R. Zhang, W. Xu, J. Huang et al., Metabolic fingerprinting on a plasmonic gold chip for mass spectrometry based in vitro diagnostics. ACS Central Sci. 4(2), 223–229 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00546
  88. R. Zhang, C. Rejeeth, W. Xu, C. Zhu, X. Liu, J. Wan, M. Jiang, K. Qian, Label-free electrochemical sensor for cd44 by ligand-protein interaction. Anal. Chem. 91(11), 7078–7085 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05966
  89. A. Grosberg, P.W. Alford, M.L. McCain, K.K. Parker, Ensembles of engineered cardiac tissues for physiological and pharmacological study: heart on a chip. Lab Chip 11(24), 4165–4173 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20557a
  90. S. Rosset, A. Poulin, A. Zollinger, M. Smith, H. Shea, Dielectric elastomer actuator for the measurement of cell traction forces with sub-cellular resolution. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 10163, 101630P (2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2258731
  91. O. Araromi, A. Poulin, S. Rosset, M. Favre, M. Giazzon et al., Thin-film dielectric elastomer sensors to measure the contraction force of smooth muscle cells. SPIE Smart Struct. Mater. Electroact. Polym. Actuators Devices (EAPAD) 9430, 94300Z (2015). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083905
  92. O. Araromi, A. Poulin, S. Rosset, M. Imboden, M. Favre et al., Optimization of thin-film highly-compliant elastomer sensors for contractility measurement of muscle cells. Extreme Mechan. Lett. 9, 1–10 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2016.03.017
  93. STREX Inc, https://strexcell.com/product-manuals/. Accessed 8 Aug 2019
  94. Flexcell International Corporation, https://www.flexcellint.com/. Accessed 8 Aug 2019
  95. P.S. Howard, U. Kucich, R. Taliwal, J.M. Korostoff, Mechanical forces alter extracellular matrix synthesis by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J. Periodont. Res. 33(8), 500–508 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02350.x
  96. C. Tamiello, A.B. Buskermolen, F.P. Baaijens, J.L. Broers, C.V. Bouten, Heading in the right direction: understanding cellular orientation responses to complex biophysical environments. Cell. Mol. Bioeng. 9(1), 12–37 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-015-0422-7
  97. P. Dartsch, H. Hämmerle, Orientation response of arterial smooth muscle cells to mechanical stimulation. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 41(2), 339–346 (1986)
  98. P.C. Dartsch, H. Hämmerle, E. Betz, Orientation of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells growing on cyclically stretched substrates. Cells Tissues Organs 125(2), 108–113 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1159/000146146
  99. D.E. Discher, P. Janmey, Y.-L. Wang, Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate. Science 310(5751), 1139–1143 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116995
  100. J.H.-C. Wang, Substrate deformation determines actin cytoskeleton reorganization: a mathematical modeling and experimental study. J. Theor. Biol. 202(1), 33–41 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1999.1035
  101. S. Chagnon-Lessard, H. Jean-Ruel, M. Godin, A.E. Pelling, Cellular orientation is guided by strain gradients. Integr. Biol. 9(7), 607–618 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ib00019g
  102. J. Dai, H.P. Ting-Beall, M.P. Sheetz, The secretion-coupled endocytosis correlates with membrane tension changes in RBL 2H3 cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 110(1), 1–10 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.110.1.1
  103. D. Raucher, M.P. Sheetz, Membrane expansion increases endocytosis rate during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 144(3), 497–506 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.144.3.497
  104. S. Boulant, C. Kural, J.-C. Zeeh, F. Ubelmann, T. Kirchhausen, Actin dynamics counteract membrane tension during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nat. Cell Biol. 13(9), 1124 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2307
  105. J.J. Thottacherry, A.J. Kosmalska, A. Kumar, A.S. Vishen, A. Elosegui-Artola et al., Mechanochemical feedback control of dynamin independent endocytosis modulates membrane tension in adherent cells. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 4217 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06738-5
  106. P.K. Chaudhuri, B.C. Low, C.T. Lim, Mechanobiology of tumor growth. Chem. Rev. 118(14), 6499–6515 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00042
  107. A.L. McNulty, F. Guilak, Mechanobiology of the meniscus. J. Biomech. 48(8), 1469–1478 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.008
  108. J.H.-C. Wang, Mechanobiology of tendon. J. Biomech. 39(9), 1563–1582 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.05.011
  109. M. Hofmann, M. Guschel, A. Bernd, J. Bereiter-Hahn, R. Kaufmann et al., Lowering of tumor interstitial fluid pressure reduces tumor cell proliferation in a xenograft tumor model. Neoplasia 8(2), 89–95 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.05469
  110. G. Helmlinger, P.A. Netti, H.C. Lichtenbeld, R.J. Melder, R.K. Jain, Solid stress inhibits the growth of multicellular tumor spheroids. Nat. Biotechnol. 15(8), 778 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0897-778
  111. T. Gupta, B. Zielinska, J. McHenry, M. Kadmiel, T.H. Donahue, IL-1 and iNOS gene expression and no synthesis in the superior region of meniscal explants are dependent on the magnitude of compressive strains. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16(10), 1213–1219 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2008.02.019
  112. N. Maffulli, Overuse tendon conditions: time to change a confusing terminology. Arthroscopy 14(8), 840–843 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-8063(98)70021-0
  113. K.M. Khan, N. Maffulli, Tendinopathy: an Achilles’ heel for athletes and clinicians. Clin. J. Sport Med. 8(3), 151–154 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199807000-00001
  114. A. Poulin, S. Rosset, H.R. Shea, Printing low-voltage dielectric elastomer actuators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(24), 244104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937735
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 6821 Download : 5172

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>