Issue

Vol. 13 (2021)

Electrochemical Lithium Storage Performance of Molten Salt Derived V2SnC MAX Phase

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00684-6
Youbing Li
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Guoliang Ma
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
Hui Shao
CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Toulouse III- Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Peng Xiao
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
Jun Lu
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Jin Xu
School of Machine Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
Jinrong Hou
Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
Ke Chen
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Xiao Zhang
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Mian Li
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Per O. Å. Persson
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Lars Hultman
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Per Eklund
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Shiyu Du
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Zhifang Chai
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Zhengren Huang
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Na Jin
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
Jiwei Ma
Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
Ying Liu
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
Zifeng Lin
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
Qing Huang
Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Qing Huang

huangqing@nimte.ac.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 13 (2021), Article Number: 158

Abstract

MAX phases are gaining attention as precursors of two-dimensional MXenes that are intensively pursued in applications for electrochemical energy storage. Here, we report the preparation of V2SnC MAX phase by the molten salt method. V2SnC is investigated as a lithium storage anode, showing a high gravimetric capacity of 490 mAh g−1 and volumetric capacity of 570 mAh cm−3 as well as superior rate performance of 95 mAh g−1 (110 mAh cm−3) at 50 C, surpassing the ever-reported performance of MAX phase anodes. Supported by operando X-ray diffraction and density functional theory, a charge storage mechanism with dual redox reaction is proposed with a Sn–Li (de)alloying reaction that occurs at the edge sites of V2SnC particles where Sn atoms are exposed to the electrolyte followed by a redox reaction that occurs at V2C layers with Li. This study offers promise of using MAX phases with M-site and A-site elements that are redox active as high-rate lithium storage materials.


Highlights:


1 Small size V2SnC MAX phase was prepared by the molten salt method.
2 V2SnC MAX phase electrode is able to deliver high gravimetric capacity up to 490 mAh g−1 and volumetric capacity of 570 mAh cm−3
3 A charge storage mechanism with V2C-Li redox and Sn–Li alloying dual reactions was proposed

Keywords

MAX phase Molten salt Lithium storage High-rate Energy storage
Li, Youbing, Guoliang Ma, Hui Shao, Peng Xiao, Jun Lu, Jin Xu, Jinrong Hou, Ke Chen, Xiao Zhang, Mian Li, Per O. Å. Persson, Lars Hultman, Per Eklund, Shiyu Du, Zhifang Chai, Zhengren Huang, Na Jin, Jiwei Ma, Ying Liu, Zifeng Lin, and Qing Huang. 2021. “Electrochemical Lithium Storage Performance of Molten Salt Derived V2SnC MAX Phase”. Nano-Micro Letters 13 (July):158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00684-6.
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