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Vol. 15 (2023)

Designing Oxide Catalysts for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Insights from Mechanism to Application

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01152-z
Ning Han
Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Wei Zhang
Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Wei Guo
Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Hui Pan
Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Bo Jiang
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
Lingbao Xing
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People’s Republic of China
Hao Tian
Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, PO Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Guoxiu Wang
Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, PO Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Xuan Zhang
Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Jan Fransaer
Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium

Corresponding Author: Jan Fransaer

jan.fransaer@kuleuven.be

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 185

Abstract

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O2 to water (H2O) or from O2 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments (e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.


Highlights:
1 Fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance are summarized and analyzed.
2 Challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies are discussed.

Keywords

Oxygen evolution Oxygen reduction Oxide catalysts Catalyst design Fuel cell Metal–air batteries
Han, Ning, Wei Zhang, Wei Guo, Hui Pan, Bo Jiang, Lingbao Xing, Hao Tian, Guoxiu Wang, Xuan Zhang, and Jan Fransaer. 2023. “Designing Oxide Catalysts for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Insights from Mechanism to Application”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (July):185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01152-z.
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