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Vol. 15 (2023)

Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01133-2
Ming Ren
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Lizhong Dong
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Xiaobo Wang
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Yuxin Li
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Yueran Zhao
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Bo Cui
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Guang Yang
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Wei Li
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Xiaojie Yuan
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Tao Zhou
Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, People’s Republic of China
Panpan Xu
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Xiaona Wang
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Jiangtao Di
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Qingwen Li
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Qingwen Li

qwli2007@sinano.ac.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 162

Abstract

Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF−6 ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF−6 and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.


Highlights:


1 The dual-ion co-regulation system shortens ion migration pathways, which endow the yarn muscle with high contractile stroke (34.7%) and contractile rate (9.4% s−1), more than twice that of the “rocking-chair” -type ion migration yarn muscles.
2 The yarn muscle shows high isometric stress of 18.4 MPa (61 times that of skeletal muscles) and 8 times the isometric stress of the “rocking-chair” -type yarn muscles at a higher frequency.
3 The intercalation reaction between PF−6 and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state

Keywords

Artificial muscles Carbon nanotube yarns Electrochemical actuators Catch state Dual-ion co-regulation
Ren, Ming, Lizhong Dong, Xiaobo Wang, Yuxin Li, Yueran Zhao, Bo Cui, Guang Yang, Wei Li, Xiaojie Yuan, Tao Zhou, Panpan Xu, Xiaona Wang, Jiangtao Di, and Qingwen Li. 2023. “Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles With Energy-Free Catch States”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (June):162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01133-2.
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