Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

3D Printed Integrated Gradient-Conductive MXene/CNT/Polyimide Aerogel Frames for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra-Low Reflection

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01017-5
Tiantian Xue
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Yi Yang
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Dingyi Yu
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Qamar Wali
NUTECH School of Applied Sciences & Humanities, National University of Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Zhenyu Wang
Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
Xuesong Cao
Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
Wei Fan
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Tianxi Liu
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Tianxi Liu

txliu@jiangnan.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 45

Abstract

Construction of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with miniaturized, programmable structure and low reflection are promising but challenging. Herein, an integrated transition-metal carbides/carbon nanotube/polyimide (gradient-conductive MXene/CNT/PI, GCMCP) aerogel frame with hierarchical porous structure and gradient-conductivity has been constructed to achieve EMI shielding with ultra-low reflection. The gradient-conductive structures are obtained by continuous 3D printing of MXene/CNT/poly (amic acid) inks with different CNT contents, where the slightly conductive top layer serves as EM absorption layer and the highly conductive bottom layer as reflection layer. In addition, the hierarchical porous structure could extend the EM dissipation path and dissipate EM by multiple reflections. Consequently, the GCMCP aerogel frames exhibit an excellent average EMI shielding efficiency (68.2 dB) and low reflection (R = 0.23). Furthermore, the GCMCP aerogel frames with miniaturized and programmable structures can be used as EMI shielding gaskets and effectively block wireless power transmission, which shows a prosperous application prospect in defense industry and aerospace.


Highlights:


1 The MXene/CNT/Polyimide aerogel frame with integrated gradient-conductive structure was constructed by MXene/CNT/poly(amic acid) composite inks with different CNT contents via 3D printing technology.
2 The integrated gradient-conductivity and hierarchical porous structure of MXene/CNT/Polyimide aerogel frame rendered excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance and ultra low reflection.

Keywords

3D printing MXene/CNT/Polyimide aerogel Gradient-conductive Electromagnetic interference shielding
Xue, Tiantian, Yi Yang, Dingyi Yu, Qamar Wali, Zhenyu Wang, Xuesong Cao, Wei Fan, and Tianxi Liu. 2023. “3D Printed Integrated Gradient-Conductive MXene/CNT/Polyimide Aerogel Frames for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding With Ultra-Low Reflection”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (February):45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01017-5.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J. Liu, H.B. Zhang, R.H. Sun, Y.F. Liu, Z.S. Liu et al., Hydrophobic, flexible, and lightweight MXene foams for high-performance electromagnetic-interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 29(38), 1702367 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201702367
  2. J.Y. Zong, X.J. Zhou, Y.F. Hu, T.B. Yang, D.X. Yan et al., A wearable multifunctional fabric with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding and passive radiation heating performance. Compos. Part B Eng. 225, 109299 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109299
  3. R. Baan, Y. Grosse, B. Lauby-Secretan, F. El Ghissassi, V. Bouvard et al., Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Lancet Oncol. 12(7), 624–626 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70147-4
  4. X.F. Liu, Y. Li, X. Sun, W.K. Tang, G. Deng et al., Off/on switchable smart electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel. Matter 4(5), 1735–1747 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.022
  5. H. Abbasi, M. Antunes, J.I. Velasco, Recent advances in carbon-based polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Prog. Mater. Sci. 103, 319–373 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.02.003
  6. Y.L. Zhang, J.W. Gu, A perspective for developing polymer-based electromagnetic interference shielding composites. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 89 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00843-3
  7. N. Yousefi, X.Y. Sun, X.Y. Lin, X. Shen, J.J. Jia et al., Highly aligned graphene/polymer nanocomposites with excellent dielectric properties for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 26(31), 5480–5487 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201305293
  8. D.X. Yan, H. Pang, B. Li, R. Vajtai, L. Xu et al., Structured reduced graphene oxide/polymer composites for ultra-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(4), 559–566 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201403809
  9. M.L. Cheng, M.F. Ying, R.Z. Zhao, L.Z. Ji, H.X. Li et al., Transparent and flexible electromagnetic interference shielding materials by constructing sandwich AgNW@MXene/wood composites. ACS Nano 16(10), 16996–17007 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c07111
  10. M. Wang, X.H. Tang, J.H. Cai, H. Wu, J.B. Shen et al., Construction, mechanism and prospective of conductive polymer composites with multiple interfaces for electromagnetic interference shielding: A review. Carbon 177, 377–402 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.047
  11. L. Wang, Z.L. Ma, H. Qiu, Y.L. Zhang, Z. Yu et al., Significantly enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding performances of epoxy nanocomposites with long-range aligned lamellar structures. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 224 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00949-8
  12. Q.F. Guan, Z.M. Han, K.P. Yang, H.B. Yang, Z.C. Ling et al., Sustainable double-network structural materials for electromagnetic shielding. Nano Lett. 21(6), 2532–2537 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05081
  13. Y.A. Chen, P. Potschke, J. Pionteck, B. Voit, H.S. Qi, Multifunctional cellulose/rGO/Fe3O4 composite aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(19), 22088–22098 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b23052
  14. F. Pan, Y.P. Rao, D. Batalu, L. Cai, Y.Y. Dong et al., Macroscopic electromagnetic cooperative network-enhanced MXene/Ni chains aerogel-based microwave absorber with ultra-low matching thickness. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 140 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00869-7
  15. S. Zhao, H.B. Zhang, J.Q. Luo, Q.W. Wang, B. Xu et al., Highly electrically conductive three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene/reduced graphene oxide hybrid aerogels with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performances. ACS Nano 12(11), 11193–11202 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b05739
  16. Z.H. Zeng, T.T. Wu, D.X. Han, Q. Ren, G. Siqueira et al., Ultralight, flexible, and biomimetic nanocellulose/silver nanowire aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Nano 14(3), 2927–2938 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b07452
  17. Y.D. Xu, Y.Q. Yang, D.X. Yan, H.J. Duan, G.Z. Zhao et al., Gradient structure design of flexible waterborne polyurethane conductive films for ultraefficient electromagnetic shielding with low reflection characteristic. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(22), 19143–19152 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b05129
  18. Y.Q. Hu, C. Hou, Y.X. Shi, J.M. Wu, D. Yang et al., Freestanding Fe3O4/Ti3C2Tx MXene/polyurethane composite film with efficient electromagnetic shielding and ultra-stretchable performance. Nanotechnology 33(16), 165603 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac4878
  19. B. Xue, Y. Li, Z.L. Cheng, S.D. Yang, L. Xie et al., Directional electromagnetic interference shielding based on step-wise asymmetric conductive networks. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00743-y
  20. Z.M. Lei, D.K. Tian, X.B. Liu, J.H. Wei, K. Rajavel et al., Electrically conductive gradient structure design of thermoplastic polyurethane composite foams for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and ultra-low microwave reflectivity. Chem. Eng. J. 424, 130365 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130365
  21. J.M. Yang, X. Liao, G. Wang, J. Chen, F.M. Guo et al., Gradient structure design of lightweight and flexible silicone rubber nanocomposite foam for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 390, 124589 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124589
  22. A. Bandyopadhyay, B. Heer, Additive manufacturing of multi-material structures. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. 129, 1–16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2018.04.001
  23. L.A.E. Müller, T. Zimmermann, G. Nyström, I. Burgert, G. Siqueira, Mechanical properties tailoring of 3D printed photoresponsive nanocellulose composites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(35), 2002914 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202002914
  24. R.S. Ambekar, B. Kushwaha, P. Sharma, F. Bosia, M. Fraldi et al., Topologically engineered 3D printed architectures with superior mechanical strength. Mater. Today 48, 72–94 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2021.03.014
  25. J.Z. Feng, B.L. Su, H.S. Xia, S.Y. Zhao, C. Gao et al., Printed aerogels: Chemistry, processing, and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 50(6), 3842–3888 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00757a
  26. W. Zong, N.B. Chui, Z.H. Tian, Y.T. Li, C. Yang et al., Ultrafine MOP nanop splotched nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets enabling high-performance 3D-printed potassium-ion hybrid capacitors. Adv. Sci. 8(7), 2004142 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202004142
  27. Y. Kwon, S.E. Seo, J. Lee, S. Berezvai, J. Read de Alaniz et al., 3D-printed polymer foams maintain stiffness and energy dissipation under repeated loading. Compos. Commun. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.101453
  28. L. Pu, Y.P. Liu, L. Li, C. Zhang, P.M. Ma et al., Polyimide nanofiber-reinforced Ti3C2Tx aerogel with “lamella-pillar” microporosity for high-performance piezoresistive strain sensing and electromagnetic wave absorption. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13(39), 47134–47146 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c13863
  29. C.H. Lin, S.H. Luo, F.C. Meng, B. Xu, T. Long et al., MXene/air-laid paper composite sensors for both tensile and torsional deformations detection. Compos. Commun. 25, 100768 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2021.100768
  30. T.T. Xue, C.Y. Zhu, X.L. Feng, Q. Wali, W. Fan et al., Polyimide aerogel fibers with controllable porous microstructure for super-thermal insulation under extreme environments. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4(5), 1118–1128 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-022-00145-8
  31. J. Tian, Y. Yang, T.T. Xue, G.J. Chao, W. Fan et al., Highly flexible and compressible polyimide/silica aerogels with integrated double network for thermal insulation and fire-retardancy. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 105, 194–202 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.030
  32. C.Y. Zhu, F. Yang, T.T. Xue, Q. Wali, W. Fan et al., Metal-organic framework decorated polyimide nanofiber aerogels for efficient high-temperature particulate matter removal. Sep. Purif. Technol. 300, 121881 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121881
  33. H.C. Lu, Z.H. Xia, X.J. Zheng, Q.Y. Mi, J.M. Zhang et al., Patternable cellulose/MWCNT laminated nanocomposites with anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivity. Compos. Commun. 26, 100786 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2021.100786
  34. D. Wang, Y.D. Peng, J.C. Dong, L. Pu, K.Q. Chang et al., Hierarchically porous polyimide aerogel fibers based on the confinement of Ti3C2Tx flakes for thermal insulation and fire retardancy. Compos. Commun. 37, 101429 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.101429
  35. J. Liu, H.B. Zhang, X. Xie, R. Yang, Z. Liu et al., Multifunctional, superelastic, and lightweight MXene/polyimide aerogels. Small 14(45), e1802479 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201802479
  36. L. Ma, M. Hamidinejad, B. Zhao, C.Y. Liang, C.B. Park, Layered foam/film polymer nanocomposites with highly efficient EMI shielding properties and ultralow reflection. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 19 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00759-4
  37. Z.X. Xie, Y.F. Cai, Z.J. Wei, Y.H. Zhan, Y.Y. Meng et al., Robust and self-healing polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotube foams for electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal insulation. Compos. Commun. 35, 101323 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.101323
  38. Z.B. Jiao, W.J. Huyan, F. Yang, J.R. Yao, R.Y. Tan et al., Achieving ultra-wideband and elevated temperature electromagnetic wave absorption via constructing lightweight porous rigid structure. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 173 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00904-7
  39. Q.Y. Li, M.L. Liu, B.C. Zhong, W.Q. Zhang, Z.X. Jia et al., Tetramethylammonium hydroxide modified MXene as a functional nanofiller for electrical and thermal conductive rubber composites. Compos. Commun. 34, 101249 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.101249
  40. T.Z. Zhou, Y.Z. Yu, B. He, Z. Wang, T. Xiong et al., Ultra-compact MXene fibers by continuous and controllable synergy of interfacial interactions and thermal drawing-induced stresses. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 4564 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32361-6
  41. F. Shahzad, M. Alhabeb, C.B. Hatter, B. Anasori, S. Man Hong et al., Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes). Science 353(6304), 1137–1140 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2421
  42. Z.H. Zeng, N. Wu, J.J. Wei, Y.F. Yang, T.T. Wu et al., Porous and ultra-flexible crosslinked MXene/polyimide composites for multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 59 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00800-0
  43. X.Q. Yang, Y.F. Zhang, J.M. Luo, R. Tusiime, C.Z. Lu et al., Fe3O4 uniformly decorated reduced graphene oxide aerogel for epoxy nanocomposites with high emi shielding performance. Compos. Commun. 36, 101391 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.101391
  44. H. Liu, X.Y. Chen, Y.J. Zheng, D.B. Zhang, Y. Zhao et al., Lightweight, superelastic, and hydrophobic polyimide nanofiber /MXene composite aerogel for wearable piezoresistive sensor and oil/water separation applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(13), 2008006 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202008006
  45. Y. Yang, W. Fan, S.J. Yuan, J. Tian, G.J. Chao et al., A 3D-printed integrated MXene-based evaporator with a vertical array structure for salt-resistant solar desalination. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(42), 23968–23976 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta07225k
  46. J.J. Liu, W.J. Yang, Y. Xu, A.C.Y. Yuen, T.B.Y. Chen et al., MXene-based films via scalable fabrication with improved mechanical and antioxidant properties for electromagnetic interference shielding. Compos. Commun. 31, 101112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.101112
  47. T.Y. Zhu, Q.C. Feng, K.N. Wan, C. Zhang, B. Li et al., Articular cartilage-inspired 3D superelastic and fatigue-resistant spongy conductors against harsh environments. Sci. China Mater. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2262-7
  48. Z.M. Deng, P.P. Tang, X.Y. Wu, H.B. Zhang, Z.Z. Yu, Superelastic, ultralight, and conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene/acidified carbon nanotube anisotropic aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13(17), 20539–20547 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02059
  49. X.L. Li, X.W. Yin, H.L. Xu, M.K. Han, M.H. Li et al., Ultralight mxene-coated, interconnected sicnws three-dimensional lamellar foams for efficient microwave absorption in the x-band. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(40), 34524–34533 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b13658
  50. K.S. Cole, R.H. Cole, Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics i alternating current characteristics. J. Chem. Phys. 9(4), 341–351 (1941). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1750906
  51. Y.M. Huangfu, K.P. Ruan, H. Qiu, Y.J. Lu, C.B. Liang et al., Fabrication and investigation on the PANi/MWCNT/thermally annealed graphene aerogel/epoxy electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 121, 265–272 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.03.041
  52. Z.H. Zeng, H. Jin, M.J. Chen, W.W. Li, L.C. Zhou et al., Lightweight and anisotropic porous MWCNT/WPU composites for ultrahigh performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(2), 303–310 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201503579
  53. X.Y. Pei, G.D. Liu, R.Q. Shao, R.R. Yu, R.X. Chen et al., 3D-printing carbon nanotubes/Ti3C2Tx/chitosan composites with different arrangement structures based on ball milling for emi shielding. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 139(45), e53125 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53125
  54. B. Shen, Y. Li, W.T. Zhai, W.G. Zheng, Compressible graphene-coated polymer foams with ultralow density for adjustable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(12), 8050–8057 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b11715
  55. Y.J. Wan, P.L. Zhu, S.H. Yu, R. Sun, C.P. Wong et al., Ultralight, super-elastic and volume-preserving cellulose fiber/graphene aerogel for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Carbon 115, 629–639 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.054
  56. Z.M. Fan, D.L. Wang, Y. Yuan, Y.S. Wang, Z.J. Cheng et al., A lightweight and conductive MXene/graphene hybrid foam for superior electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 381, 122696 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122696
  57. B. Shen, W.T. Zhai, M.M. Tao, J.Q. Ling, W.G. Zheng, Lightweight, multifunctional polyetherimide/graphene@Fe3O4 composite foams for shielding of electromagnetic pollution. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5(21), 11383–11391 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/am4036527
  58. Y.Y. Wang, W.J. Sun, D.X. Yan, K. Dai, Z.M. Li, Ultralight carbon nanotube/graphene/polyimide foam with heterogeneous interfaces for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and electromagnetic wave absorption. Carbon 176, 118–125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.12.028
  59. Z. Yu, T.W. Dai, S.W. Yuan, H.W. Zou, P.B. Liu, Electromagnetic interference shielding performance of anisotropic polyimide/graphene composite aerogels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(27), 30990–31001 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c07122
  60. X.H. Li, X.F. Li, K.N. Liao, P. Min, T. Liu et al., Thermally annealed anisotropic graphene aerogels and their electrically conductive epoxy composites with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding efficiencies. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(48), 33230–33239 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12295
  61. Z.H. Zeng, C.X. Wang, Y.F. Zhang, P.Y. Wang, S.I. Seyed Shahabadi et al., Ultralight and highly elastic graphene/lignin-derived carbon nanocomposite aerogels with ultrahigh electromagnetic interference shielding performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 8205–8213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b19427
  62. B.H. Xia, X.H. Zhang, J. Jiang, Y. Wang, T. Li et al., Facile preparation of high strength, lightweight and thermal insulation polyetherimide/Ti3C2Tx MXenes/Ag nanops composite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding. Compos. Commun. 29, 101028 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2021.101028
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Statistic
Read Counter : 3060 Download : 2268

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>