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Vol. 11 (2019)

Novel Graphene Biosensor Based on the Functionalization of Multifunctional Nano-bovine Serum Albumin for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Cancer Biomarkers

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0250-8
Lin Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid‑State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
Kun Wang
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid‑State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
Hao Sun
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid‑State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
Simin Zhao
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Xianfeng Chen
School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
Dahong Qian
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Hongju Mao
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid‑State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
Jianlong Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid‑State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jianlong Zhao

jlzhao@mail.sim.ac.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 11 (2019), Article Number: 20

Abstract

A simple, convenient, and highly sensitive bio-interface for graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) based on multifunctional nano-denatured bovine serum albumin (nano-dBSA) functionalization was developed to target cancer biomarkers. The novel graphene–protein bioelectronic interface was constructed by heating to denature native BSA on the graphene substrate surface. The formed nano-dBSA film served as the cross-linker to immobilize monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA mAb) on the graphene channel activated by EDC and Sulfo-NHS. The nano-dBSA film worked as a self-protecting layer of graphene to prevent surface contamination by lithographic processing. The improved GFET biosensor exhibited good specificity and high sensitivity toward the target at an ultralow concentration of 337.58 fg mL−1. The electrical detection of the binding of CEA followed the Hill model for ligand–receptor interaction, indicating the negative binding cooperativity between CEA and anti-CEA mAb with a dissociation constant of 6.82 × 10−10 M. The multifunctional nano-dBSA functionalization can confer a new function to graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and provide a promising bio-functionalization method for clinical application in biosensing, nanomedicine, and drug delivery.


Highlights:


1 A simple and convenient graphene bio-interface was designed by using multifunctional nano-denatured bovine serum albumin (nano-dBSA) film.
2 Highly sensitive cancer biomarker detection in diluted serum at the femtogram per milliliter level was achieved using the nano-dBSA functionalized graphene field-effect transistor.

Keywords

Bio-interface Multifunctional denatured BSA GFET biosensor Cancer biomarker
Zhou, Lin, Kun Wang, Hao Sun, Simin Zhao, Xianfeng Chen, Dahong Qian, Hongju Mao, and Jianlong Zhao. 2019. “Novel Graphene Biosensor Based on the Functionalization of Multifunctional Nano-Bovine Serum Albumin for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Cancer Biomarkers”. Nano-Micro Letters 11 (March):20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0250-8.
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