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Vol. 17 (2025)

Scalable Fabrication of Methylammonium-Free Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells by Blade Coating in Ambient Air

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01838-6
Jianbo Liu
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Meng Zhang
The Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Xiaoran Sun
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Linhu Xiang
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Xiangyu Yang
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Xin Hu
Huzhou Phoenixolar Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313000, People’s Republic of China
Zhicheng Wang
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Tian Hou
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Jinzhao Qin
Huzhou Phoenixolar Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313000, People’s Republic of China
Yuelong Huang
School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
Mojtaba Abdi‑Jalebi
Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Malet Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
Xiaojing Hao
The Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Corresponding Author: Xiaojing Hao

xj.hao@unsw.edu.au

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 318

Abstract

Scalable fabrication of efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial to realize the full commercial potential of tandem solar cells. However, there are challenges in fabricating efficient methylammonium-free (MA-free) WBG PSCs by blade coating, especially its phase separation and films stability. In this work, an MA-free WBG perovskite ink is developed for preparing FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.75Br0.25)3 films by blade coating in ambient air. Among various A-site iodides, RbI is found to be the most effective in suppressing the precipitation of PbI2 induced by Pb(SCN)2 while keeping the enlarged grains. The distribution of Rb suggested that the Rb ions are kept isolated with the perovskite grains during the crystallization and Ostwald ripening processes, which contributes to the formation of the large-grain WBG perovskite film with minimum non-radiative recombination. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.0% was achieved on small-area WBG PSCs, while mini-modules with an aperture area of 10.5 cm2 exhibited a PCE of 20.2%, among the highest reported for solar cells prepared with WBG perovskites via blade coating. This work presents a scalable and reproducible fabrication strategy for stable MA-free WBG PSCs under ambient conditions, advancing their path toward commercialization.


Highlights:
1 RbI is the most effective in mitigate PbI2 precipitation caused by Pb(SCN)2 while maintaining large grains.
2 Rb is kept at the grain boundaries during crystallization and Ostwald ripening, contributes to a slow growth of the grains.
3 Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with blade-coated perovskite in air achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 23%, among the highest values reported.

Keywords

Blade coating MA-free perovskite ink Wide-bandgap perovskite Perovskite solar cells Large area
Liu, Jianbo, Meng Zhang, Xiaoran Sun, Linhu Xiang, Xiangyu Yang, Xin Hu, Zhicheng Wang, Tian Hou, Jinzhao Qin, Yuelong Huang, Mojtaba Abdi‑Jalebi, and Xiaojing Hao. 2025. “Scalable Fabrication of Methylammonium-Free Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells by Blade Coating in Ambient Air”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (July):318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01838-6.
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