Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Sulfolane-Based Flame-Retardant Electrolyte for High-Voltage Sodium-Ion Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01546-7
Xuanlong He
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Jie Peng
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Qingyun Lin
Center of Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Meng Li
GRINM (Guangdong) Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528051, People’s Republic of China
Weibin Chen
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Pei Liu
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Tao Huang
College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
Zhencheng Huang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Yuying Liu
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Jiaojiao Deng
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Shenghua Ye
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xuming Yang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xiangzhong Ren
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoping Ouyang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Jianhong Liu
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Biwei Xiao
GRINM (Guangdong) Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528051, People’s Republic of China
Jiangtao Hu
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Qianling Zhang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Qianling Zhang

zhql@szu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 45

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries hold great promise as next-generation energy storage systems. However, the high instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling has seriously hindered the development of SIBs. In particular, an unstable cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) leads to successive electrolyte side reactions, transition metal leaching and rapid capacity decay, which tends to be exacerbated under high-voltage conditions. Therefore, constructing dense and stable CEIs are crucial for high-performance SIBs. This work reports localized high-concentration electrolyte by incorporating a highly oxidation-resistant sulfolane solvent with non-solvent diluent 1H, 1H, 5H-octafluoropentyl-1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, which exhibited excellent oxidative stability and was able to form thin, dense and homogeneous CEI. The excellent CEI enabled the O3-type layered oxide cathode NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 (NaNMF) to achieve stable cycling, with a capacity retention of 79.48% after 300 cycles at 1 C and 81.15% after 400 cycles at 2 C with a high charging voltage of 4.2 V. In addition, its nonflammable nature enhances the safety of SIBs. This work provides a viable pathway for the application of sulfolane-based electrolytes on SIBs and the design of next-generation high-voltage electrolytes.


Highlights:
1 NaTFSI/SUL:OTE:FEC facilitates the formation of S, N-rich, dense and robust cathode–electrolyte interphase on NaNMF cathode, which improves the cycling stability under high voltage.
2 By utilizing NaTFSI/SUL:OTE:FEC, the Na||NaNMF batteries achieved an impressive retention of 81.15% after 400 cycles at 2 C with the cutoff voltage of 4.2 V.
3 The study offers a reference for the utilization of sulfolane-based electrolytes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), while the nonflammability of the NaTFSI/SUL:OTE:FEC enhances the safety of SIBs.

Keywords

Sodium-ion batteries Sulfolane-based electrolyte High voltage Layered oxide cathode Flame retardant
He, Xuanlong, Jie Peng, Qingyun Lin, Meng Li, Weibin Chen, Pei Liu, Tao Huang, Zhencheng Huang, Yuying Liu, Jiaojiao Deng, Shenghua Ye, Xuming Yang, Xiangzhong Ren, Xiaoping Ouyang, Jianhong Liu, Biwei Xiao, Jiangtao Hu, and Qianling Zhang. 2024. “Sulfolane-Based Flame-Retardant Electrolyte for High-Voltage Sodium-Ion Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (October):45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01546-7.
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