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Vol. 16 (2024)

Enhancing the Photosensitivity of Hypocrellin A by Perylene Diimide Metallacage-Based Host–Guest Complexation for Photodynamic Therapy

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01438-w
Rongrong Li
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Tianfeng Yang
School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
Xiuhong Peng
School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
Qian Feng
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Yali Hou
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Jiao Zhu
Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
Dake Chu
Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
Xianglong Duan
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
Yanming Zhang
School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
Mingming Zhang
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Mingming Zhang

mingming.zhang@xjtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 226

Abstract

The development of supramolecular hosts which can efficiently encapsulate photosensitizers to improve the photodynamic efficacy holds great promise for cancer therapy. Here, we report two perylene diimide-based metallacages that can form stable host–guest complexes with planar conjugated molecules including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and photosensitizers (hypocrellin A). Such host–guest complexation not only prevents the aggregation of photosensitizers in aqueous environments, but also offers fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the metallacage to the photosensitizers to further improve the singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.66). The complexes are further assembled with amphiphilic polymers, forming nanoparticles with improved stability for anticancer study. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the nanoparticles display excellent anticancer activities upon light irradiation, showing great potential for cancer photodynamic therapy. This study provides a straightforward and effective approach for enhancing the photosensitivity of conventional photosensitizers via host–guest complexation-based FRET, which will open a new avenue for host–guest chemistry-based supramolecular theranostics.


Highlights:
1 A new type of metallacage was successfully fabricated and used as containers for hypocrellin-type photosensitizers, which prevented the self-aggregation of photosensitizers in aqueous solution.
2 The metallacage was also employed as an energy donor to promote the singlet oxygen generation ability via fluorescence resonance energy transfer, thereby achieving highly efficient photodynamic therapy.

Keywords

Metallacages Host–guest interactions Fluorescence resonance energy transfer Singlet oxygen Photodynamic therapy
Li, Rongrong, Tianfeng Yang, Xiuhong Peng, Qian Feng, Yali Hou, Jiao Zhu, Dake Chu, Xianglong Duan, Yanming Zhang, and Mingming Zhang. 2024. “Enhancing the Photosensitivity of Hypocrellin A by Perylene Diimide Metallacage-Based Host–Guest Complexation for Photodynamic Therapy”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (June):226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01438-w.
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