Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

Nanoengineering Metal–Organic Frameworks and Derivatives for Electrosynthesis of Ammonia

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01169-4
Daming Feng
College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7472-7278
Lixue Zhou
College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
Timothy J. White
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-9403
Anthony K. Cheetham
Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1518-4845
Tianyi Ma
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-8700
Fengxia Wei
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis 08‑03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-5056

Corresponding Author: Fengxia Wei

wei_fengxia@imre.a-star.edu.sg

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 203

Abstract

Electrocatalytic synthesis under mild conditions has become increasingly important as one of the practical alternatives for industrial applications, especially for the green ammonia (NH3) industry. A properly engineered electrocatalyst plays a vital role in the realization of superior catalytic performance. Among various types of promising nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are competitive candidates for developing efficient electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis from simple nitrogen-containing molecules or ions, such as N2 and NO3−. In this review, recent advances in the development of electrocatalysts derived from MOFs for the electrosynthesis of NH3 are collected, categorized, and discussed, including their application in the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) and the NO3− reduction reaction (NO3RR). Firstly, the fundamental principles are illustrated, such as plausible mechanisms of NH3 generation from N2 and NO3−, the apparatus of corresponding electrocatalysis, parameters for evaluation of reaction efficiency, and detection methods of yielding NH3. Then, the electrocatalysts for NRR processes are discussed in detail, including pristine MOFs, MOF-hybrids, MOF-derived N-doped porous carbons, single atomic catalysts from pyrolysis of MOFs, and other MOF-related materials. Subsequently, MOF-related NO3RR processes are also listed and discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects for the rational design and fabrication of electrocatalysts from MOFs for electrochemical NH3 synthesis are presented, such as the evolution of investigation methods with artificial intelligence, innovation in synthetic methods of MOF-related catalysts, advancement of characterization techniques, and extended electrocatalytic reactions.


Highlights:
1 Recent advances in the metal–organic framework (MOF)-related catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocols under ambient reaction conditions are summarized and discussed.
2 The design and fabrication of efficient electrocatalysts from MOF for the reduction of N2 and NO3− are systematically analyzed.
3 Based on the current advances, the ongoing challenges and promising perspectives are highlighted.

Keywords

Metal–organic frameworks Electrosynthesis of ammonia Nitrogen reduction reactions Nitrate reduction reactions
Feng, Daming, Lixue Zhou, Timothy J. White, Anthony K. Cheetham, Tianyi Ma, and Fengxia Wei. 2023. “Nanoengineering Metal–Organic Frameworks and Derivatives for Electrosynthesis of Ammonia”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (August):203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01169-4.
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