Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2014)

Recent Progress on the Fabrication of Ultrafine Polyamide-6 Based Nanofibers Via Electrospinning: A Topical Review

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353773
R. Nirmala
Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
R. Navamathavan
School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
Soo-Jin Park
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
HakYong Kim
Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea

Corresponding Author: R. Nirmala

rnn12@yahoo.com

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2014), Article Number: 89-107

Abstract

Electrospinning is a highly versatile technique to prepare continuous fibers with diameters of the order of nanometers. The remarkable high aspect ratio and high porosity bring electrospun nanofibers highly attractive to various nanotechnological applications such as filtration membranes, protective clothing, drug delivery, tissue-engineering, biosensors, catalysis, fuel cells and so on. In this review, we collectively summarized the recent progress in developments of the electrospun ultrafine polyamide-6 based nanofibers preparation, characterization and their applications. Information of this polyamide-6 and composites together with their processing conditions for electrospinning of ultrafine nanofibers has been summarized in this review. The recent developments made during last few years on these materials are addressed in this review. We are anticipating that this review certainly drive the researchers for developing more intensive investigation for exploring in many technological areas.

Keywords

Polymers Electrospinning Ultrafine nanofibers Experimental parameters
Nirmala, R., R. Navamathavan, Soo-Jin Park, and HakYong Kim. 2014. “Recent Progress on the Fabrication of Ultrafine Polyamide-6 Based Nanofibers Via Electrospinning: A Topical Review”. Nano-Micro Letters 6 (2):89-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353773.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. A. Greiner and J. H. Wendoff, “Electrospinning: A fascinating method for the preparation of ultrathin fibers”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(30), 5670–5703 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200604646
  2. V. N. T. K. Satyanarayana, A. S. Karakoti, D. Bera and S. Seal, “One dimensional nanostructured materials”, Prog. Mater. Sci. 52(5), 699–913 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.08.001
  3. K. S. Shankar and A. K. Raychaudhuri, “Fabrication of nanowires of multicomponent oxides: Review of recent advances”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 25(5–8), 738–751 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2005.06.054
  4. C. N. R. Rao and A. Govindaraj, “Synthesis of inorganic nanotubes”, Adv. Mater. 21(42), 4208–4233 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200803720
  5. M. H. Al-Saleh and U. Sundararaj, “A review of vapor grown carbon nanofiber/polymer conductive composites”, Carbon 47(1), 2–22 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.09.039
  6. J. Y. Lin, D. Ding, J. Y. Yu and Hsieh, “Direct fabrication of highly nanoporous polystyrene fibers via electrospinning”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2(2), 521–528 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am900736h
  7. Y. Zhu, D. Y. Yang and H. W. Ma, “One-step fabrication of porous polymeric microcage via electrified jetting”, Nanoscale 2(6), 910–912 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00081G
  8. N. A. M. Barakat, M. A. Kanjwal, F. A. Sheikh and H. Y. Kim, “Spider-net within the N6, PVA and PU electrospun nanofiber mats using salt addition: Novel strategy in the electrospinning process”, Polymer 50(18), 4389–4396 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.005
  9. K. Sarkar, C. Gomez, S. Zambrano, M. Ramirez, E. Hoyos, H. Vasquez and K. Lozano, “Electrospinning to forcespinning”, Mater. Today 13(11), 12–14 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70199-1
  10. Y. Hong, X. Chen, X. Jiang, H. Fan, B. Guo, Z. Gu and X. Zhang, “Preparation, bioactivity, and drug release of hierarchical nanoporous bioactive glass ultrathin fibers”, Adv. Mater. 22(6), 754–758 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200901656
  11. R. Gopal, S. Kaur, Z. Ma, C. Chan, S. Ramakrishna and T. Matsuura, “Electrospun nanofibrous filtration membrane”, J. Membr. Sci. 281(1-2), 581–586 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.04.026
  12. W. W. F. Leung, C. H. Hung and P. T. Yuen, “Effect of face velocity, nanofiber packing density and thickness on filtration performance of filters with nanofibers coated on a substrate”, Sep. Purif. Technol. 71(1), 30–37 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.017
  13. K. Desai, K. Kit, J. Li, P. M. Davidson, S. Zivanovic and H, Meyer, “Nanofibrous chitosan nonwovens for filtration applications”, Polymer 50 (15), 3661–3669 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.058
  14. S. Chigome, G. Darko and N. Torto, “Electrospun nanofibers as sorbent material for solid phase extraction”, Analyst 136, 2879–2889 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1AN15228A
  15. P. W. Gibson, H. L. S. Gibson and D. Riven, “Electrospun fiber mats: transport properties”, AIChE 45(1), 190–195 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690450116
  16. H. S. Gibson, P. Gibson, K. Senecal, M. Sennett, J. Walker and M. Yeomans, “Protective textile materials based on electrospun nanofibers”, J. Adv. Mater. 34(3), 44–55 (2002).
  17. P. Gibson, H. S. Gibson and D. Rivin, “Transport properties of porous membranes based on electrospun nanofibers”, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspect 187–188(31), 469–481 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00616-1
  18. B. Ding, M. Wang, X. Wang, J. Yu and G. Sun, “Electrospun nanomaterials for ultrasensitive sensors”, Mater. Today 13(11), 16–27 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70200-5
  19. X. Wang, B. Ding, J. Yu, Y. Si, S. Yang and G. Sun, “Electro-netting: Fabrication of two-dimensional nano-nets for highly sensitive trimethylamine sensing”, Nanoscale 3, 911–915 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00783H
  20. B. Ding, M. Wang, J. Yu and G. Sun, “Gas sensors based on electrospun nanofibers”, Sensors 9(3), 1609–1624 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s90301609
  21. Z. Ouyang, J. Li, J. Wang, Q. Li, T. Ni, X. Zhang, H. Wang, Q. Li, Z. Su and G. Wei, “Fabrication, characterization and sensor application of electrospun polyurethane nanofibers filled with carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles”, J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 2415–2424 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3TB20316F
  22. Y. Y. Lv, W. Xu, F. W. Lin, J. Wu and Z. K. Xu, “Electrospun nanofibers of porphyrinated polyimide for the ultra-sensitive detection of trace TNT”, Sensors and Actuators B 184(31), 205–211 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.04.094
  23. J. Yang, J. Yu, J. Fan, D. Sun, W. Tang and X. Yang, “Biotemplated preparation of CdS nanoparticles/bacterial cellulose hybrid nanofibers for photocatalysis application”, J. Haz. Mater. 189(1–2), 377–383 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.048
  24. S. S. Lee, H. Bai, Z. Liu and D. D. Sun, “Novel-structured electrospun TiO2/CuO composite nanofibers for high efficient photocatalytic cogeneration of clean water and energy from dye wastewater”, Water Res. 47(12), 4059–4073 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.044
  25. C. Drew, X. Wang, K. Senecal, H. S. Gibson, J. He and J. Kumar, “Electrospun photovoltaic cells”, J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. 39(10), 1085–1094 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/MA-120014836
  26. G. Verreck, I. Chun, J. Rosenblatt, J. Peeters, A. V. Dijck and J. Mensch, “Incorporation of drugs in an amorphous state into electrospun nanofibers composed of a water-insoluble, nonbiodegradable polymer”, J. Control. Rel. 92(3), 349–360 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(03)00342-0
  27. M. S. Khil, D. I. Cha, H. Y. Kim, I. S. Kim and N. Bhattarai, “Electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane membrane as wound dressing”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. 67B(2), 675–679 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.10058
  28. A. Celebioglu, O. C. O. Umu, T. Tekinay and T. Uyar, “Antibacterial electrospun nanofibers from triclosan/cyclodextrininclusion complexes”, Coll. Surf. B: Biointerfaces, in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.029
  29. A. Sharma, A. Gupta, G. Rath, A. Goyal, R. B. Mathura and S. R. Dhakate, “Electrospun composite nanofiber-based transmucosal patch for anti-diabetic drug delivery”, J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 3410–3418 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3TB20487A
  30. J. A. Matthews, G. E. Wnek, D. G. Simpson and G. L. Bowlin, “Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers”, Biomacromolecules 3(2), 232–238 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm015533u
  31. H. Yoshimoto, Y. M. Shin, H. Terai and J. P. Vacanti, “A biodegradable nanofiber scaffold by electrospinning and its potential for bone tissue engineering”, Biomaterials 24(12), 2077–2082 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00635-X
  32. J. H. Kim, P. H. Choung, I. Y. Kim, K. T. Lim, H. M. Son and Y. H. Choung, “Electrospun nanofibers composed of poly(-caprolactone) and polyethylenimine for tissue engineering applications”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 29(5), 1725–1731 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.023
  33. R. Jayakumar, M. Prabaharan, S. V. Nair and H. Tamura, “Novel chitin and chitosan nanofibers in biomedical applications”, Biotechnology Adv. 28(1), 142–150 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.11.001
  34. C. Y. Xu, R. Inai, M. Kotaki and S. Ramakrishna, “Aligned biodegradable nanofibrous structure: a potential scaffold for blood vessel engineering”, Biomaterials 25(5), 877–886 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00593-3
  35. Y. Zhang, J. R. Venugopal, A. E. Turki and S. Ramakrishna, “Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering”, Biomaterials 29(32), 4314–4322 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.038
  36. Z. X. Meng, Y. S. Wang, C. Ma, W. Zheng, L. Li and Y. F. Zheng, “Electrospinning of PLGA/gelatin randomly-oriented and aligned nanofibers as potential scaffold in tissue engineering”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 30(8), 1204–1210 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.018
  37. B. M. Min, G. Lee, S. H. Kim, Y. S. Nam, T. S. Lee and W. H. Park, “Electrospinning of silk fibroin nanofibers and its effect on the adhesion and spreading of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro”, Biomaterials 25(7–8), 1289–1297 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.045
  38. S. Shao, S. Zhou, L. Li, J. Li, C. Luo, J. Wang, X. Li and J. Wang, “Osteoblast function on electrically conductive electrospun PLA/MWCNTs nanofibers”, Biomaterials 32(11), 2821–2833 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.051
  39. L. Li, H. Li, Y. Qian, X. Li, G. K. Singh, L. Zhong, W. Liu, Y. Lv, K. Cai and L. Yang, “Electrospun poly(e-caprolactone)/silk fibroin core-sheath nanofibers and their potential application in tissue engineering and drug release”, Int. J. Biological Macromol. 49, 223–232 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.018
  40. N. P. Gule, M. Kwaadsteniet, T. E. Cloete and B. Klumperman, “Furanone-containing poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers for cell-adhesion inhibition”, Water Res. 47(3), 1049–1059 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.012
  41. D. Liang, B. S. Hsiao and B. Chu, “Functional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications”, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 59(14), 1392–1412 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.04.021
  42. H. S. Yoo, T. G. Kim and T. G. Park, “Surface-functionalized electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering and drug delivery”, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 61(12), 1033–1042 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.007
  43. T. J. Sill and H. A. V. Recum, “Electrospinning: Application in drug delivery and tissue engineering”, Biomaterials 29(13), 1989–2006 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.01.011
  44. D. Yang, Y. Li and J. Nie, “Preparation of gelatin/PVA nanofibers and their potential application in controlled release of drugs”, Carbohyd. Polym. 69(3), 538–543 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.01.008
  45. C. Santoro, A. Stadlhofer, V. Hacker, G. Squadrito, U. Schroder and B. Li, “Activated carbon nanofibers (ACNF) as cathode for single chamber microbial fuel cells (SCMFCs)”, J. Power Sources 243(1), 499–507 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.061
  46. C. Wu, X. Li, W. Li, B. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Xu and L. Xing, “Fe2O3 nanorods/carbon nanofibers composite: Preparation and performance as anode of high rate lithium ion battery”, J. Power Sources 251, 85–91 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.030
  47. C. Cao, L. Tan, W. Liu, J. Ma and L. Li, “Polydopamine coated electrospun poly(vinyldiene fluoride) nanofibrous membrane as separator for lithium-ion batteries”, J. Power Sources 248(15), 224–229 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.027
  48. H. Gwon, J. Hong, H. Kim, D. H. Seo, S. Jeon and K. Kang, “Recent progress on flexible lithium rechargeable batteries”, Energy Environ. Sci. 7(2), 538–551 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ee42927j
  49. L. Yang and W. W. F. Leung, “Application of a bilayer TiO2 nanofiber photoabode for opticization of dye-sensitized solar cells”, Adv. Mater. 23(39), 4559–4562 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102717
  50. L. Yang and W. W. F. Leung, “Electrospun TiO2 nanorods with carbon nanotubes for efficient electron collection in dye-sensitized solar cells”, Adv. Mater. 25(12), 1792–1795 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204256
  51. X. Wang, K. Gao, Z. Shao, X. Peng, X. Wu and F. Wang, “Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrid multilayer thin film electrodes based on transparent cellulose nanofibers paper for flexible super-capacitors applications”, J. Power Sources 249(1), 148–155 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.130
  52. V. Thavasi, G. Singh and S. Ramakrishna, “Electrospun nanofibers in energy and environmental applications”, Energy Environ. Sci. 1, 205–221 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B809074M
  53. M. C. Beilke, J. W. Zewe, J. E. Clark and S. V. Olesik, “Aligned electrospun nanofibers for ultrathin layer chromatography”, Analytica Chimica Acta 761(25), 201–208 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.028
  54. N. A. M. Barakat, A. A. Elzatahry and K. A. Khalil, “Synthesis and characterization of Co-Mn-O nanofibers supported on a graphite disk: Novel strategy for nanofibers immobilization”, Mater. Res. Bull. 49, 503–508 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.09.026
  55. J. Liu, J. Shi, L. Jiang, F. Zhang, L. Wang, S. Yamamoto, M. Takano, M. Chang, H. Zhang and Y. Chen, “Segmented magnetic nanofibers for single cell manipulation”, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258(19), 7530–7535 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.04.077
  56. M. S. Hassan, T. Amna, F. A. Sheikh, S. S. Al-Deyab, K. E. Choi, I. H. Hwang and M. S. Khil, “Bimetallic Zn/Ag doped polyurethane spider net composite nanofibers: A novel multipurpose electrospun mat”, Ceramics Int. 39(3), 2503–2510 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.009
  57. Abdal-hay, L. D. Tijing and J. K. Lim, “Characterization of the surface biocompatibility of an electrospun nylon 6/CaP nanofiber scaffold using osteoblasts”, Chem. Eng. J. 215–216(15), 57–64 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.046
  58. R. Nirmala, K. T. Nam, R. Navamathavan, S. J. Park and H. Y. Kim, “Hydroxyapatite mineralization on the calcium chloride blended polyurethane nanofiber via biomimetic method”, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 2–10 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9737-4
  59. R. Nirmala, R. Navamathavan, M. H. E. Newehy and H. Y. Kim, “Preparation and characterization of electrospun ultrafine polyamide-6 nanofibers”, Polym. Int. 60(10), 1475–1480 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.3105
  60. X. Wang, B. Ding, J. Yu and J. Yang, “Large-scale fabrication of two-dimensional spider-web-like gelatin nanonets via electro-netting”, Colloid. Surf. B: Biointerfaces 86(2), 345–352 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.04.018
  61. X. Ca, X. Wang, B. Ding, J. Yu and G. Sun, “Novel spider-web-like nanoporous networks based on jute cellulose nanowhiskers”, Carbohydrate Polymers 92(2), 2041–2047 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.085
  62. H. R. Pant, B. Pant, P. Pokharel, H. J. Kim, L. D. Tijing, C. H. Park, D. S. Lee, H. Y. Kim and C. S. Kim, “Photocatalytic TiO2-RGO/nylon-6 spider-wave-like nano-nets via electrospinning and hydrothermal treatment”, J. Membr. Sci. 429, 225–234 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.025
  63. Abdal-hay, H. R. Pant and J. K. Lim, “Super-hydrophilic electronspun nylon-6/hydroxyapatite membrane for bone tissue engineering”, European Polym. J. 49(6), 1314–1321 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.004
  64. R. Nirmala, H. R. Panth, C. Yi, K. T. Nam, S. J. Park and H. Y. Kim, “Effect of solvents on high aspect ratio polyamide-6 nanofibers via electrospinning”, Macromol. Res. 18(8), 75–84 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-010-0808-2
  65. R. Nirmala, K. T. Nam, S. J. Park, Y. S. Shin, R. Navamathavan and H. Y. Kim, “Formation of high aspect ratio polyamide-6 nanofibers via electrically induced double layer during electrospinning”, Appl. Surf. Sci. 256(21), 6318–6323 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.04.010
  66. H. R. Pant, M. P. Bajgai, K. T. Nam, K. H. Chu, S. J. Park and H. Y. Kim, “Formation of electrospun nylon-6/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) oligomer spider-wave nanofibers”, Mater. Lett. 64(19), 2087–2090 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.06.047
  67. H. R. Pant, M. P. Bajgai, C. Yi, R. Nirmala, K. T. Nam, W. Baek and H. Y. Kim, “Effect of successive electrospinning and the strength of hydrogen bond on the morphology of electrospun nylon-6 nanofibers”, Colloid. Surf. A Physicochemical Eng. Aspects 370(1–3), 87–94 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.08.051
  68. B. Ding, T. Ogawa, J. Kim, K. Fujimoto and S. Shiratori, “Fabrication of a super-dydrophobi nanofibrous zinc oxide film surface by electrospinning”, Thin Solid Films 516(9), 2495–2501 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.04.086
  69. Z. Dong, S. J. Kennedy and Y. Wu, “Electrospinning materials for energy-related applications and devices”, J. Power Sources 196(11), 4886–4904 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.090
  70. R. Nirmala, R. Navamathavan, M. H. E. Newehy and H. Y. Kim, “Preparation and electrical characterization of polyamide-6/chitosan composite nanofibers via electrospinning”, Mater. Lett. 65(3), 493–496 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.10.066
  71. B. Ding, C. Li, Y. Miyauchi, O. Kuwaki and S. Shiratore, “Formation of novel 2D polymer nanowebs via electrospinning”, Nanotechnology 17(15), 3685–3691 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/011
  72. D. C. Parajuli, M. P. Bajgai, J. A. Ko, H. K. Kang, M. S. Khil and Kim, “Synchronized polymerization and fabrication of poly(acrylic acid) and nylon hybrid mats in electrospinning”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1(4), 750–757 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am800191m
  73. S. Das, A. S. Wajid, S. K. Bhattacharia, M. D. Wilting, I. V. Rivero and M. J. Green, “Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers loaded with noncovalently functionalized graphene”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128(6), 4040–4046 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38694
  74. Y. Yang, Z. Guo, H. Zhang, D. Huang, J. Gu, Z. Huang, F. Kang, T. A. Hatton and G. C. Rutledge, “Electrospun magnetic carbon composite fibers: Synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127(6), 4288–4295 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38027
  75. L. V. Karabanova R. L. D. Whitby, A. Korobeinyk, O. Bondaruk, J. P. Salvage, A. W. Lloyd and S. V. Mikhalovsky, “Microstructure changes of polyurethane by inclusion of chemically modified carbon nanotubes at low filler contents”, Comp. Sci. Technol. 72(8), 865–872 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.02.008
  76. J. Lin, B. Ding, J. Yu and Y. Hsieh, “Direct fabrication of highly nanoporous polystyrene Fibers via Electrospinning”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2(2), 521–528 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am900736h
  77. N. Bhardwaj and S. C. Kundu, “Electrospinning: A fascinating fiber fabrication technique”, Biotechnol. Adv. 28(3), 325–347 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.004
  78. A. Lancuski, S. Fort and F. Bossard, “Electrospun azido-PCL nanofibers for enhanced surface functionalization by click chemistry”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 4(12), 6499–6504 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am301458y
  79. M. Huang, Y. Si, X. Tang, Z. Zhu, B. Ding, L. Liu, G. Zheng, W. Luo and J. Yu, “Gravity driven separation of emulsified oil-water mixtures utilizing in situ polymerized super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic nanofibrous membranes”, J. Mater. Chem. A 1(45), 14071–14074 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3TA13385K
  80. J. Miao, M. Miyauchi, T. J. Simmons, J. S. Dordick and R. J. Linhardt, “Electrospinning of nanomaterials and applications in electronic components and devices”, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(9), 5507–5519 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.3073
  81. W. Teo and S. Ramakrishna, “A review on electrospinning design and nanofiber assemblies”, Nanotechnology 17(14), R89–R106 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/14/R01
  82. X. Wang, B. Ding, G. Sun, M. Wang and J. Yu, “Electro-spinning/netting: A strategy for the fabrication of three-dimensional polymer nano-fiber/nets” Prog. Mater. Sci. 58(8), 1173–1243 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.05.001
  83. L. Persano, C. Dagdeviren, Y. Su, Y. Zhang, S. Girardo, D. Pisignano, Y. Huang and J. A. Rogers, “High performance piezoelectric devices based on aligned arrays of nanofibers of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)”, Nat. Commun. 4, 1633 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2639
  84. H. Cho, S. Y. Min and T. W. Lee, “Electrospun organic nano?ber electronics and photonics”, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 298(5), 475–486 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201200364
  85. D. Li and Y. Xia, “Electrospinning on nanofibers: Reinventing the wheel?”, Adv. Mater. 16(14), 1151–1170 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400719
  86. Z. M. Huang, Y. Z. Zhang, M. Kotaki and S. Ramakrishna, “A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites”, Comp. Sci. Technol. 63(15), 2223–2253 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00178-7
  87. D. H. Reneker and A. L. Yarin, “Electrospinning jets and polymer nanofibers”, Polymer 49(10), 2387–2425 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.002
  88. S. Ramakrishna, K. Fujihara, W. E. Teo, T. Yong, Z. Ma and R. Ramaseshan, “Electrospun nanofibers: solving global issues”, Mater. Today 9(3), 40–50 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71389-X
  89. X. Wang, B. Ding, J. Yu and M. Wang, “Engineering biomimetic super-hydrophobic surfaces of electrospun nanomaterials”, Nano Today 6(5), 510–530 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2011.08.004
  90. L. Persano, A. Camposeo, C. Tekmen and D. Pisignano, “Industrial upscaling of electrospinning and applications of polymer nanofibers: A review”, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 298(5), 504–520 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201200290
  91. C. J. Luo, S. D. Stoyanov, E. Stride, E. Pelan and M. Edirisinghe, “Electrospinning versus ?bre production methods: from specifics to technological convergence”, Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(13), 4708–4735 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35083A
  92. G. I. Taylor, “Disintegration of water drops in an electric field”, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 280(1382), 383–397 (1964). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1964.0151
  93. G. I. Taylor, “The circulation produced in a drop by an electric field”, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 291(1425), 159–166 (1966). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1966.0086
  94. G. I. Taylor, “Electrically driven jets”, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 313(1515), 453–475 (1969). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1969.0205
  95. H. R. Allcock, F. W. Lampe, and J. E. Mark, “Contemporary Polymer Chemistry”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. New Jersey, 2003, p.647.
  96. P. Supaphol, C. M. Uppatham and M. Nithitanakul, “Ultrafine electrospun polyamide-6 fibers: Effects of solvent system and emitting electrode polarity on morphology and average fiber diameter”, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 290(9), 933–942 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200500024
  97. A. Patlolla, G. Collins and T. L. Arinzeh, “Solvent-dependent properties of electrospun fibrous composites for bone tissue regeneration”, Acta Biomaterialia 6(1), 90–101 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.07.028
  98. P. K. Baumgarten, “Electrostatic spinning of acrylic microfibers”, J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 36(1), 71–79 (1971). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(71)90241-4
  99. M. Montaudo and C. Puglisi, “Essential role of chain ends in the Ny6/PBT exchange: A combined NMR and MALDI approach”, Macromolecules 36(19), 7143–7154 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0346153
  100. J. R. Schaefgen and C. F. Trivisonno, “Polyelectrolyte behavior of polyamides. I. viscosities of solutions of linear polyamides in formic acid and in aulfuric acid”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73(10), 4580–4585 (1951). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a024
  101. J. E. McGrath, “Ring-Opening Polymerization”, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. p7 (1985).
  102. H. Zhao and H. H. Bau, “On the effect of induced electro-osmosis on a cylindrical particle next to a surface”, Langmuir 23(7), 4053–4063 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la063224p
  103. W. Sigmund, J. Yuh, H. Park, V. Maneeratana, G. Pyrgiotakis and A. Daga, “Processing and structure relationship of ceramic fiber systems”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89(2), 395–407 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00807.x
  104. S. D. Vrieze, P. Westbroek, T. V. Camp and K. D. Clerck, “Solvent system for steady state electrospinning of polyamide 6.6”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 115(2), 837–842 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30331
  105. K. Behler, M. Havel and Y. Gogotsi, “New solvent for polyamides and its application to the electrospinning of polyamides 11 and 12”, Polymer 48(22), 6617–6621 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.058
  106. C. Mit-uppatham, M. Nithitanakul and P. Supaphol, “Ultrafine electrospun polyamide-6 fibers: effect of solution conditions on morphology and average fiber diameter”, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 205(17), 2327–2338 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200400225
  107. R. L. Grimm and J. L. Beauchamp, “Dynamics of field-induced droplet ionization: time-resolved studies of distortion, jetting, and progeny formation from charged and neutral methanol droplets exposed to strong electric fields”, J. Phys. Chem. B 109(16), 8244–8250 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0450540
  108. F. Eustache, P. I. Dalko and J. Cossy, “Enantioselective monoreduction of 2-alkyl-1,3-diketones mediated by chiral ruthenium catalysts dynamic kinetic resolution”, Org. Lett. 4(8), 1263–1265 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol025527q
  109. N. Uematsu, A. Fujii, S. Hashiguchi, T. Ikariya and R. Noyori, “Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of imines”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118(20), 4916–4917 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja960364k
  110. D. S. Matharu and D. J. Morris, “A stereochemically well-defined rhodium(III) catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones”, Org. Lett. 7(24), 5489–5491 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol052559f
  111. S. J. Park, D. C. Parajuli, M. P. Bajgai, K. U. Jeong, N. A. M. Barakat and H. Y. Kim, “Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Electrospinning of Acrylonitrile/Nylon Solution and Subsequent Carbonization”, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(8), 1–4 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2417
  112. H. R. Pant, D. R. Pandeya, K. T. Nam, W. Baek, S. T. Hong and H. Y. Kim, “Photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of TiO2/nylon-6 electrospun nanocomposites mat containing silver nanoparticles”, J. Haz. Mater. 189(1-2), 465–471 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.062
  113. H. R. Pant, M. P. Bajgai, K. T. Nam, Y. A. Seo, D. R. Pandeya and S. T. Hong, “Electrospun nylon-6 spider-net like nanofiber mat containing TiO2 nanoparticles: A multifunctional nanocomposite textile material”, J. Haz. Mater. 185(1), 124–130 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.006
  114. R. Nirmala, J. W. Jeong, R. Navamathavan and H. Y. Kim, “Synthesis and electrical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in polyamide-6 nanofibers via electrospinning”, Nano-Micro Lett. 3(1), 56–61 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.3786/nml.v3i1.p56-61
  115. R. Nirmala, J. W. Jeong, H. J. Oh, R. Navamathavan, M. E. Newehy, S. S. Al-Deyab and H. Y. Kim, “Electrical properties of ultrafine nylon-6 nanofibers prepared via electrospinning”, Fibers and Polymers 12(8), 1021–1024 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-011-1021-4
  116. X. Wang, B. Ding, J. Yu and M. Wang, “Highly sensitive humidity sensors based on electrospinning/netting a polyamide 6 nano-fiber/net modified by polyethyleneimine”, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 16231–16238 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1JM13037D
  117. R. Nirmala, H. M. Park, R. Navamathavan, H. S. Kang, M. H. E. Newehy and H. Y. Kim, “Lecithin blended polyamide-6 high aspect ration nanofiber scaffolds via electrospinning for human osteoblast cell culture”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 31(2), 486–493 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.013
  118. R. Nirmala, R. Navamathavan, H. S. Kang, M. H. E. Newehy and H. Y. Kim, “Preparation of polyamide-6/chitosan composite nanofibers by a single solvent system via electrospinning for biomedical applications”, Colloid. Surf. B Biointerfaces 83(1), 173–178 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.026
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 3168 Download : 2410