Issue

Vol. 13 (2021)

Remotely Activated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00537-8
Luisa Racca
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
Valentina Cauda
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-1533

Corresponding Author: Valentina Cauda

valentina.cauda@polito.it

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 13 (2021), Article Number: 11

Abstract

Cancer has nowadays become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional anticancer approaches are associated with different limitations. Therefore, innovative methodologies are being investigated, and several researchers propose the use of remotely activated nanoparticles to trigger cancer cell death. The idea is to conjugate two different components, i.e., an external physical input and nanoparticles. Both are given in a harmless dose that once combined together act synergistically to therapeutically treat the cell or tissue of interest, thus also limiting the negative outcomes for the surrounding tissues. Tuning both the properties of the nanomaterial and the involved triggering stimulus, it is possible furthermore to achieve not only a therapeutic effect, but also a powerful platform for imaging at the same time, obtaining a nano-theranostic application. In the present review, we highlight the role of nanoparticles as therapeutic or theranostic tools, thus excluding the cases where a molecular drug is activated. We thus present many examples where the highly cytotoxic power only derives from the active interaction between different physical inputs and nanoparticles. We perform a special focus on mechanical waves responding nanoparticles, in which remotely activated nanoparticles directly become therapeutic agents without the need of the administration of chemotherapeutics or sonosensitizing drugs.


Highlights:


1 The present review highlights the importance of remotely activated nanoparticles for anticancer purposes.
2 For each physical input, we present its possible active synergy with several nanomaterials.
3 We report examples and the mechanism of action when clarified.
4 Clinical trials involving remotely triggered nanoparticles are discussed.

Keywords

Anticancer therapy Remotely activated nanomedicine Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles Physical stimulation Radiofrequency Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound Hyperthermia
Racca, Luisa, and Valentina Cauda. 2020. “Remotely Activated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy”. Nano-Micro Letters 13 (October):11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00537-8.
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