Issue

Vol. 12 (2020)

Surface-Engineered Li4Ti5O12 Nanostructures for High-Power Li-Ion Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0366-x
Binitha Gangaja
Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS (P.O.), Kochi 682 041, India
Shantikumar Nair
Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS (P.O.), Kochi 682 041, India
Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan
Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS (P.O.), Kochi 682 041, India

Corresponding Author: Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan

dsgopalan20710@aims.amrita.edu

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 12 (2020), Article Number: 30

Abstract

Materials with high-power charge–discharge capabilities are of interest to overcome the power limitations of conventional Li-ion batteries. In this study, a unique solvothermal synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles is proposed by using an off-stoichiometric precursor ratio. A Li-deficient off-stoichiometry leads to the coexistence of phase-separated crystalline nanoparticles of Li4Ti5O12 and TiO2 exhibiting reasonable high-rate performances. However, after the solvothermal process, an extended aging of the hydrolyzed solution leads to the formation of a Li4Ti5O12 nanoplate-like structure with a self-assembled disordered surface layer without crystalline TiO2. The Li4Ti5O12 nanoplates with the disordered surface layer deliver ultrahigh-rate performances for both charging and discharging in the range of 50–300C and reversible capacities of 156 and 113 mAh g−1 at these two rates, respectively. Furthermore, the electrode exhibits an ultrahigh-charging-rate capability up to 1200C (60 mAh g−1; discharge limited to 100C). Unlike previously reported high-rate half cells, we demonstrate a high-power Li-ion battery by coupling Li4Ti5O12 with a high-rate LiMn2O4 cathode. The full cell exhibits ultrafast charging/discharging for 140 and 12 s while retaining 97 and 66% of the anode theoretical capacity, respectively. Room- (25 °C), low- (− 10 °C), and high- (55 °C) temperature cycling data show the wide temperature operation range of the cell at a high rate of 100C.


Highlights:


1 Surface-engineered Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles were synthesized by an off-stoichiometric solvothermal process.
2 The electrode exhibited ultrafast charge–discharge (up to 1200C) performances in a half-cell configuration.
3 A full cell consisting of the engineered Li4Ti5O12 anode and LiMn2O4 cathode exhibited an ultrahigh-rate capability (up to 200C), long cycling life (1000 cycles), and robust performances (at − 10, 25, and 55 °C).

Keywords

Ultrafast charging Li-ion battery Lithium titanate Off-stoichiometric synthesis Surface chemistry
Gangaja, Binitha, Shantikumar Nair, and Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan. 2020. “Surface-Engineered Li4Ti5O12 Nanostructures for High-Power Li-Ion Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 12 (January):30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0366-x.
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