Issue

Vol. 12 (2020)

A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0408-4
Mandana Tavakolian
Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-9185
Seid Mahdi Jafari
Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-9549
Theo G. M. van de Ven
Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-3121

Corresponding Author: Theo G. M. van de Ven

theo.vandeven@mcgill.ca

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 12 (2020), Article Number: 73

Abstract

As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth, cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial biomaterials. Biodegradability, renewability, strong mechanical properties, tunable aspect ratio, and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various fields. Owing to the high number of reactive groups (i.e., hydroxyl groups) on the cellulose surface, it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amines, leading to diverse properties. In addition, the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure, such as proteins, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and antibiotics. There are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial agents. However, little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or biocompatibility. In this study, we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials. Despite the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials, more studies on their mechanism of action, the relationship between their properties and their effectivity, and more in vivo studies are required.


Highlights:


1 The most common chemical treatments of cellulose to synthesize nanostructured cellulose are highlighted.
2 Various surface modifications of cellulose to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials are discussed.
3 Biocompatibility and antibacterial performance of non-leaching surface-modified cellulosic materials along with their current challenges are discussed.

Keywords

Cellulose Nanocellulose Surface modification Antibacterial activity Biocompatibility
Tavakolian, Mandana, Seid Mahdi Jafari, and Theo G. M. van de Ven. 2020. “A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures As Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials”. Nano-Micro Letters 12 (March):73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0408-4.
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