Issue

Vol. 19 (2027)

Strategies of Designing High-Efficiency Electrolyte Additives for Aqueous Magnesium Batteries: A Review

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02299-1
Yulong Wu
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Darya Snihirova
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Yibing Zhang
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Xiaohui Zeng
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Wen Xu
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Linqian Wang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300000, People’s Republic of China
Daniel Höche
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Sviatlana V. Lamaka
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Mikhail L. Zheludkevich
Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max‑Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany

Corresponding Author: Xiaohui Zeng

xiaohui.zeng@hereon.de

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 19 (2027), Article Number: 1

Abstract

With the development of next-generation energy storage systems focusing on green, safe, and sustainable devices, aqueous magnesium (Mg)–air batteries have emerged as promising candidates owing to the intrinsic merits of the Mg metal anode, including low cost, large volumetric capacity, a highly negative electrode potential, and excellent safety. However, the high self-discharge rate and formed discharge products substantially impair the practical discharge performance of Mg anodes with poor anode utilization efficiency and low cell voltage. While anode alloying and electrolyte additive strategies can help mitigate this issue, designing highly efficient electrolyte additives that are compatible with the established anode remains a challenge. This review summarizes recent progress toward understanding the role of electrolyte additives for aqueous Mg batteries, provides insights into the discharge mechanism of Mg-based anode materials in different types of additive-containing electrolytes, and offers strategies for designing high-efficiency mixtures of electrolyte additives. Moreover, a highly promising direction of AI-supported and robotic workflows for the future fast design of advanced electrolyte additives for aqueous Mg batteries is discussed.


Highlights:
1 This review provides a systematic summary of aqueous Mg–air electrolyte additives, offering structured data to support future machine learning screening, especially for binary additive systems.
2 This work emphasizes the significant influence of oxygen reduction reaction-induced oxygen corrosion on Mg anode utilization, particularly for clean Mg anodes in additive-containing electrolytes.
3 This article proposes a clear design concept for binary additives, enabling rational rather than empirical combinations and guiding the development of high-performance hybrid additives for aqueous Mg–air batteries.

Keywords

Aqueous Mg-air battery Electrolyte additive Self-discharge Machine learning
Wu, Yulong, Darya Snihirova, Yibing Zhang, Xiaohui Zeng, Wen Xu, Linqian Wang, Daniel Höche, Sviatlana V. Lamaka, and Mikhail L. Zheludkevich. 2026. “Strategies of Designing High-Efficiency Electrolyte Additives for Aqueous Magnesium Batteries: A Review”. Nano-Micro Letters 19 (July):1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02299-1.
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