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Vol. 18 (2026)

Air-Processed and Water-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Fishing-Net-Inspired Interfacial Network

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02295-5
Muh Fadhil Albab
Energy and Environment Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
Muhammad Jahandar
Energy and Environment Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
Ah Ra Kim
Energy and Environment Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
Jinhee Heo
Materials Testing & Reliability Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
Yong Hyun Kim
Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Youngkyoo Kim
Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications (KINPA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Gi‑Hwan Kim
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
Ji‑Youn Seo
Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Shinuk Cho
Department of Semiconductor Physics & Engineering and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Soyeon Kim
Energy and Environment Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
Dong Chan Lim
Energy and Environment Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea

Corresponding Author: Dong Chan Lim

dclim@kims.re.kr

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 440

Abstract

Practical deployment of perovskite solar cells is hindered by fragile interfaces that accelerate degradation under moisture, heat, ion migration, and mechanical stress, particularly during ambient processing. Here, we introduce a fishing-net-inspired interfacial molecular network that imparts intrinsic durability through coordination chemistry and interfacial dipole engineering. The metal-anchored hierarchical network integrates transition metal nodes, rigid small-molecule frameworks, and dense amine-functionalized polymer sub-networks into a netlike architecture that enhances charge extraction while suppressing bidirectional ion migration. Devices incorporating this interlayer achieve power conversion efficiencies of 26.19% (1.53 eV), 24.11% (1.61 eV), and 20.00% (1.77 eV), with open-circuit voltages and fill factors all exceeding 90% of the Shockley–Queisser radiative limit. Notably, this performance is maintained even in wide-bandgap flexible devices. Flexible perovskite solar cells fabricated entirely under ambient air achieve 23.03% efficiency and retain 95% of their initial performance after 10,000 bending cycles. Moreover, the devices exhibit suppressed degradation during direct water immersion and reach a T95 exceeding 2000 h under ambient conditions without encapsulation, establishing a broadly applicable interfacial design strategy for durable optoelectronics.


Highlights:
1 A metal-anchored molecular net interlayer strategy enables highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells by optimizing interfacial energetics and charge transport.
2 The metal–amine coordinated network provides a universal interfacial platform, regardless of bandgap or substrate, to suppress ion migration and prevent moisture-induced degradation.
3 The optimized devices deliver high efficiency together with excellent durability, maintaining >95% of initial performance after 2000 h storage, >95% retained performance after 10,000 bending cycles, and slow degradation after water exposure.

Keywords

Air-processed perovskite Flexible perovskite solar cells High efficiency Interfacial modification Water resistance
Albab, Muh Fadhil, Muhammad Jahandar, Ah Ra Kim, Jinhee Heo, Yong Hyun Kim, Youngkyoo Kim, Gi‑Hwan Kim, Ji‑Youn Seo, Shinuk Cho, Soyeon Kim, and Dong Chan Lim. 2026. “Air-Processed and Water-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Fishing-Net-Inspired Interfacial Network”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (July):440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02295-5.
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