Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Halide-Based Solid Electrolytes for Advanced All-Solid-State Batteries: Design, Interfaces, and Electrochemical Performance

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02251-3
Shivaraju Guddehalli Chandrappa
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
Gerardo Morell
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
Ram S. Katiyar
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA

Corresponding Author: Ram S. Katiyar

ram.katiyar@upr.edu

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 410

Abstract

Halide-based solid electrolytes (HSEs) have garnered substantial interest for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) due to their wide electrochemical windows, moderate-to-high room-temperature ionic conductivity, and enhanced air stability over traditional sulfide and oxide-based SEs. This review consolidates recent advances in HSEs, focusing on the link between structure, compositions, and materials properties that influence the transport of lithium-ion (Li-ion) and post-lithium-ion (P-Li-ion) and their stability at the interface. Based on the chemistry of their central metal, HSEs are divided into five classes; key factors influencing ionic conductivity are examined. Nevertheless, despite these benefits, many challenges remain, including interfacial instability, the trade-off between ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, mechanical challenges, and material costs. The main synthesis methods, mechanochemical, co-melting, and wet-chemical, are investigated for phase formation, scalability, and defect control. The link between synthesis, microstructure, and device-level performance metrics, including critical current density, area-specific resistance, and cycle life, is examined. The strategies, involving bilayer and dual-electrolyte design as well as interface engineering, are analyzed to reduce interfacial resistance and dendrite growth. The applications of HSE in Li-ion and P-Li-ion systems are examined. This review offers a detailed framework and delineates potential research paths to advance scalable, high-performance HSEs for next-generation ASSBs.


Highlights:
1 General classification and methodology guidelines to halide-based solid electrolytes for high-voltage all-solid-state batteries.
2 A comprehensive evaluation of synthesis and interfacial modification methods that direct the enhancement of ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
3 Potential uses of halide-based solid electrolytes in full-cell configurations with cathodes based on high voltage in Li-ion batteries and beyond-Li-ion systems, such as Li–S, Li–O2, and Na-ion batteries.

Keywords

Lithium-ion batteries Post-lithium-ion batteries Halide-based solid electrolytes Interfacial stability Post-lithium-ion batteries Halide-based solid electrolytes Interfacial stability All-solid-state batteries High-voltage-based batteries
Chandrappa, Shivaraju Guddehalli, Gerardo Morell, and Ram S. Katiyar. 2026. “Halide-Based Solid Electrolytes for Advanced All-Solid-State Batteries: Design, Interfaces, and Electrochemical Performance”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (June):410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02251-3.
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