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Vol. 18 (2026)

Achieving Wide-Temperature-Range Physical and Chemical Hydrogen Sorption in a Structural Optimized Mg/N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanocomposite

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01931-w
Yinghui Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Li Ren
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Zi Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Yingying Yao
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Xi Lin
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Wenjiang Ding
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Andrea C. Ferrari
Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
Jianxin Zou
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jianxin Zou

zoujx@sjtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 94

Abstract

Nanoconfinement is a promising approach to simultaneously enhance the thermodynamics, kinetics, and cycling stability of hydrogen storage materials. The introduction of supporting scaffolds usually causes a reduction in the total hydrogen storage capacity due to “dead weight.” Here, we synthesize an optimized N-doped porous carbon (rN-pC) without heavy metal as supporting scaffold to confine Mg/MgH2 nanoparticles (Mg/MgH2@rN-pC). rN-pC with 60 wt% loading capacity of Mg (denoted as 60 Mg@rN-pC) can adsorb and desorb 0.62 wt% H2 on the rN-pC scaffold. The nanoconfined MgH2 can be chemically dehydrided at 175 °C, providing ~ 3.59 wt% H2 with fast kinetics (fully dehydrogenated at 300 °C within 15 min). This study presents the first realization of nanoconfined Mg-based system with adsorption-active scaffolds. Besides, the nanoconfined MgH2 formation enthalpy is reduced to ~ 68 kJ mol−1 H2 from ~ 75 kJ mol−1 H2 for pure MgH2. The composite can be also compressed to nanostructured pellets, with volumetric H2 density reaching 33.4 g L−1 after 500 MPa compression pressure, which surpasses the 24 g L−1 volumetric capacity of 350 bar compressed H2. Our approach can be implemented to the design of hybrid H2 storage materials with enhanced capacity and desorption rate.


Highlights:
1 The as-synthesized rN-pC exhibited H2 uptake of ~0.9 wt% at 77 K and ultralow pressure of ~0.1 bar, with an isosteric adsorption enthalpy (Qst) of ~14 kJ mol-1 H2 at zero coverage.
2 The 60MgH2@rN-pC started to decompose at 175 °C and released H2 of 3.38 wt% at 300 °C within 30 min, which showed outstanding desorption kinetics of MgH2 among Mg-carbon material nanocomposites.
3 The drawback of nanoconfinement scaffolds that cannot store hydrogen was firstly overcome.

Keywords

Hydrogen storage MgH2 Porous carbon Nanoconfinement Physi- and chemisorption
Li, Yinghui, Li Ren, Zi Li, Yingying Yao, Xi Lin, Wenjiang Ding, Andrea C. Ferrari, and Jianxin Zou. 2026. “Achieving Wide-Temperature-Range Physical and Chemical Hydrogen Sorption in a Structural Optimized Mg/N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanocomposite”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01931-w.
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