Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Highly Aligned Ternary Nanofiber Matrices Loaded with MXene Expedite Regeneration of Volumetric Muscle Loss

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01293-1
Moon Sung Kang
Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Yeuni Yu
Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
Rowoon Park
Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Hye Jin Heo
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
Seok Hyun Lee
Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Suck Won Hong
Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Yun Hak Kim
Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
Dong‑Wook Han
Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea

Corresponding Author: Dong‑Wook Han

nanohan@pusan.ac.kr

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 73

Abstract

Current therapeutic approaches for volumetric muscle loss (VML) face challenges due to limited graft availability and insufficient bioactivities. To overcome these limitations, tissue-engineered scaffolds have emerged as a promising alternative. In this study, we developed aligned ternary nanofibrous matrices comprised of poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) integrated with collagen and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoparticles (NPs) (PCM matrices), and explored their myogenic potential for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. The PCM matrices demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties, including structural uniformity, alignment, microporosity, and hydrophilicity. In vitro assays revealed that the PCM matrices promoted cellular behaviors and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated enhanced muscle remodeling and recovery in mice treated with PCM matrices following VML injury. Mechanistic insights from next-generation sequencing revealed that MXene NPs facilitated protein and ion availability within PCM matrices, leading to elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels in myoblasts through the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), ultimately promoting myogenic differentiation via the mTOR-AKT pathway. Additionally, upregulated iNOS and increased NO– contributed to myoblast proliferation and fiber fusion, thereby facilitating overall myoblast maturation. These findings underscore the potential of MXene NPs loaded within highly aligned matrices as therapeutic agents to promote skeletal muscle tissue recovery.


Highlights:
1 The aligned ternary nanofibrous matrices composed of poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), collagen, and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoparticles were fabricated (referred as PCM matrices).
2 The aligned PCM matrices exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and excellent cytocompatibility and myogenic properties, which in turn promoted fast regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in vivo.
3 The Ca2+ binding of MXene nanoparticles activated inducible nitric oxide synthase and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1-mediated mTOR-AKT pathway to promote myoblast differentiation and maturation.

Keywords

Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoparticle Ternary nanofibrous matrices Myogenesis Regeneration of volumetric muscle loss Next generation sequencing
Kang, Moon Sung, Yeuni Yu, Rowoon Park, Hye Jin Heo, Seok Hyun Lee, Suck Won Hong, Yun Hak Kim, and Dong‑Wook Han. 2024. “Highly Aligned Ternary Nanofiber Matrices Loaded With MXene Expedite Regeneration of Volumetric Muscle Loss”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (January):73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01293-1.
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