Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01259-3
Sourav Dutta
Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
Seungmin Noh
Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
Roger Sanchis Gual
Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Xiangzhong Chen
Institute of Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
Salvador Pané
Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Bradley J. Nelson
Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Hongsoo Choi
Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea

Corresponding Author: Hongsoo Choi

mems@dgist.ac.kr

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 41

Abstract

Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental remediation. Metal-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion, favorable biocompatibility, and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media, efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility. A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion, utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen bubbles. This novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery applications. In addition, understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and performance. Its propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic micromotor. Here we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable micromotors. Furthermore, we describe the controlled degradation, efficient in vivo drug delivery, and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical applications. Moreover, we discuss micromotors’ efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental pollutants. Finally, we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.


Highlights:
1 This review discusses the potential of degradable metallic micromotors for a variety of biomedical and environmental applications.
2 The design principles, fabrication techniques and degradation mechanisms of degradable metallic micromotors are reviewed in detail.
3 Challenges and future directions for the development of degradable metallic micromotors for real-life applications are presented.

Keywords

Magnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable microrobot Biomedical Environmental
Dutta, Sourav, Seungmin Noh, Roger Sanchis Gual, Xiangzhong Chen, Salvador Pané, Bradley J. Nelson, and Hongsoo Choi. 2023. “Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (November):41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01259-3.
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