Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

Rational Design of Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase and Electrolytes for Rechargeable Proton Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01071-z
Zhen Su
School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Haocheng Guo
School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Chuan Zhao
School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Corresponding Author: Chuan Zhao

chuan.zhao@unsw.edu.au

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 96

Abstract

Rechargeable proton batteries have been regarded as a promising technology for next-generation energy storage devices, due to the smallest size, lightest weight, ultrafast diffusion kinetics and negligible cost of proton as charge carriers. Nevertheless, a proton battery possessing both high energy and power density is yet achieved. In addition, poor cycling stability is another major challenge making the lifespan of proton batteries unsatisfactory. These issues have motivated extensive research into electrode materials. Nonetheless, the design of electrode–electrolyte interphase and electrolytes is underdeveloped for solving the challenges. In this review, we summarize the development of interphase and electrolytes for proton batteries and elaborate on their importance in enhancing the energy density, power density and battery lifespan. The fundamental understanding of interphase is reviewed with respect to the desolvation process, interfacial reaction kinetics, solvent-electrode interactions, and analysis techniques. We categorize the currently used electrolytes according to their physicochemical properties and analyze their electrochemical potential window, solvent (e.g., water) activities, ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and safety. Finally, we offer our views on the challenges and opportunities toward the future research for both interphase and electrolytes for achieving high-performance proton batteries for energy storage.


Highlights:


1 The electrode–electrolyte interface reactions (complete desolvation process and incomplete process), interphase design strategies, and advanced interphase analysis techniques for aqueous proton batteries are discussed and reviewed.
2 Research progresses on pure phase aqueous electrolytes, hybrid aqueous electrolytes, non-aqueous electrolytes, and solid/quasi-solid electrolytes are summarized.
3 Perspectives on both interphase and electrolytes are discussed which can direct researchers to rationally design new interphase and electrolytes for high-performance proton batteries in the future.

Keywords

Energy storage Proton batteries Aqueous batteries Interfacial chemistry Electrolytes
Su, Zhen, Haocheng Guo, and Chuan Zhao. 2023. “Rational Design of Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase and Electrolytes for Rechargeable Proton Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (April):96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01071-z.
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